บรรพ

bàp

Meanings

1AdjectiveB2

ancient; former

ancient, former, or prior (often used in formal or literary contexts)

Examples

เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)ต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toสำนึกsǎm-nʉ́kสำนึกsǎm-nʉ́k1awareness; realization; sense2[to] realize; become aware; feel gratitude/remorse3conscienceในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)บุญคุณbun-kunบุญคุณbun-kundebt of gratitude; benefactionของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsบรรพบุรุษban-pá-bù-rútบรรพบุรุษban-pá-bù-rútancestor; forebearที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerยอมyɔɔmยอมyɔɔm1[to] agree; consent2[to] allow; permit3[to] yield; give in; submit4[to] admit (acknowledge)เสียสละsǐia-sà-làเสียสละsǐia-sà-là[to] sacrifice; be selfless; make sacrificesเลือดเนื้อlʉ̂ʉat-nʉ́ʉaเลือดเนื้อlʉ̂ʉat-nʉ́ʉa1flesh and blood; the physical human body2one's own flesh and blood (relative)เพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofปกป้องbpòk-bpɔ̂ngปกป้องbpòk-bpɔ̂ng[to] protect; defendประเทศชาติbprà-têet-châatประเทศชาติbprà-têet-châatthe nation; the country; the stateนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ไว้wáiไว้wái1[to] keep; save; store2[to] set aside; reserve3for later; in reserve4[to] leave (something) as is5marks retention or maintenance of a state6[to] wear; sport (hair/moustache/etc.)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)ลูกหลานlûuk-lǎanลูกหลานlûuk-lǎan1descendants; offspring2younger generation (collective)
We must be grateful to our ancestors who sacrificed their blood and flesh to protect this nation for their descendants.
3 more examples
2NounC1

chapter; section

a chapter, section, or part of a book or literary work

Examples

All law students need to accurately memorize the fundamental principles in Book 1 of the Civil and Commercial Code.
3 more examples

Tones

See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.

Why is บรรพ said บับ?

bàp

  • Vowel spellingThe double รร is read as a vowel (“a” or “an”), not as two ร.

The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.

How the tone is decided

  1. Consonant classMid class
  2. Tone markNo tone mark
  3. Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -พ, a stop, so it is dead.

Mid class consonants

กจฎฏดตบปอ

Result

Low tone

bàp

Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.

Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low

Tone chart

Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.

Mid classHigh classLow class
No mark + liveMidRisingMid
No mark + dead shortLowLowHigh
No mark + dead longLowLowFalling
Mai ekLowLowFalling
Mai thoFallingFallingHigh
Mai triHigh——
Mai chattawaRising——