ดุม
dumMeanings
1NounB1
hub (wheel center part)
the central part of a wheel where the axle fits and the spokes attach; a wheel hub
Examples
ช่างchângช่างchâng1artisan; mechanic; technician2crafts-; technical (prefix)3never mind; let it be4how (exclamatory)5[to] be inclined to; be given toบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâa1[to] say/tell that; report/declare that2[of text/sign] say/indicate thatดุมdumดุมdum1hub (wheel center part)2button; clothing fastenerล้อจักรยานlɔ́ɔ-jàk-grà-yaanล้อจักรยานlɔ́ɔ-jàk-grà-yaanbicycle wheelของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsผมpǒmผมpǒm1I; me (male speaker, polite)2hair (on the head)หลวมlǔuamหลวมlǔuam1loose (not tight)2slack; lax (not firm or strict)ต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toขันkǎnขันkǎn1water bowl; dipping bowl2[to] tighten (by turning)3classifier: water-bowlfuls4[to] crow (rooster)5[to] laugh; feel amusedใหม่màiใหม่mài1new; not old2new; different; fresh3again; anew4new; inexperienced (novice)5hibiscus (Northern Thai)
The mechanic said my bicycle’s wheel hub is loose and needs tightening.
3 more examplesShow less
เวลาwee-laaเปลี่ยนbplìianซี่ล้อsîi-lɔ́ɔเราraoต้องdtɔ̂ngตรวจดูdtrùuat-duuว่าwâaดุมdumยังyangหมุนmǔnลื่นlʉ̂ʉnหรือrʉ̌ʉมีmiiเสียงดังsǐiang-dang
When changing the spokes, we need to check whether the hub still spins smoothly or makes noise.
ดุมล้อdum-lɔ́ɔที่tîiมีmiiตลับลูกปืนdtà-làp-lûuk-bpʉʉnคุณภาพดีkun-ná-pâap-diiจะjàช่วยchûuaiลดlótแรงเสียดทานrɛɛng-sìiat-taanและlɛ́ยืดอายุyʉ̂ʉt-aa-yúซี่ล้อsîi-lɔ́ɔ
A wheel hub with high-quality bearings will reduce friction and extend the lifespan of the spokes.
ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnออกทริปɔ̀ɔk-trípไกลglaiเขาkǎoเปิดbpə̀ətดุมdumล้อหน้าlɔ́ɔ-nâaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaอัดจาระบีàt-jaa-rá-biiใหม่màiและlɛ́ตั้งdtângระยะrá-yáให้hâiแน่นnɛ̂nพอดีpɔɔ-diiไม่ให้mâi-hâiแกนgɛɛnล้อlɔ́ɔโยกyôok
Before a long trip, he opened the front wheel hub to pack fresh grease and set the clearance just right so the axle wouldn’t wobble.
2NounB2
button; clothing fastener
A button used to fasten clothing; also called กระดุมกระดุมgrà-dumbutton (fastener).
Examples
ดุมdumดุมdum1hub (wheel center part)2button; clothing fastenerเสื้อsʉ̂ʉaเสื้อsʉ̂ʉa1shirt; top2jacket; coat3classifier: ตัวหลุดไปlùt-bpaiหลุดไปlùt-bpai1[to] come off; [to] escape2[to] slip out (words)3[to] zone out; [to] space outเม็ดmétเม็ดmét1grain; bead; pellet2seed; kernel3tablet; pill4drop; raindrop5classifier: small round itemsหนึ่งnʉ̀ngหนึ่งnʉ̀ng1one (number)2a; one; a single3a certain; a particular4first; top; foremostแม่mɛ̂ɛแม่mɛ̂ɛ1mother; mom2form of address for a woman (traditional/familiar)3prefix: female; main; baseเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedเย็บyépเย็บyép1[to] sew; stitch2[to] suture (medical)เม็ดmétเม็ดmét1grain; bead; pellet2seed; kernel3tablet; pill4drop; raindrop5classifier: small round itemsใหม่màiใหม่mài1new; not old2new; different; fresh3again; anew4new; inexperienced (novice)5hibiscus (Northern Thai)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)
A button came off my shirt, so my mother sewed on a new one.
3 more examplesShow less
เสื้อsʉ̂ʉaตัวdtuuaนี้níiคับkápไปหน่อยbpai-nɔ̀iพอpɔɔติดdtìtดุมdumครบkrópทุกtúkเม็ดmétแล้วก็lɛ́ɛo-gɔ̂อึดอัดʉ̀t-àt
This shirt is a little tight, and it feels uncomfortable when I fasten all the buttons.
ช่างchângแนะนำให้nɛ́-nam-hâiเปลี่ยนbplìianดุมdumเสื้อsʉ̂ʉaเป็นbpenสีเดียวsǐi-diiaoกับgàpผ้าpâaเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiเสื้อsʉ̂ʉaดูเรียบร้อยduu-rîiap-rɔ́ɔiและlɛ́เหมาะกับงานmɔ̀-gàp-ngaanทางการtaang-gaanมากขึ้นmâak-kʉ̂n
The tailor recommended replacing the shirt buttons with ones that match the fabric to give it a neater look more suited to formal occasions.
แม้mɛ́ɛเนื้อผ้าnʉ́ʉa-pâaจะjàยังอยู่yang-yùuในnaiสภาพดีsà-pâap-diiแต่dtɛ̀ɛดุมdumหลายlǎaiเม็ดmétเริ่มrə̂əmหลวมlǔuamจึงjʉngควรkuuanเย็บyépให้hâiแน่นnɛ̂nก่อนgɔ̀ɔnนำnamเสื้อsʉ̂ʉaไปbpaiใส่sàiอีกครั้งìik-kráng
Although the fabric is still in good condition, several buttons are coming loose and should be sewn on securely before the shirt is worn again.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
dum
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |