ขัณฑ์
kǎnMeanings
1NounC1
territory; boundary
a territory, boundary, limit, or domain (typically used in formal, royal, or literary contexts)
Examples
กษัตริย์gà-sàtกษัตริย์gà-sàtking; monarch; sovereignทรงsongทรงsong1shape; form2style; look (e.g., hairstyle)3[royal] to have; possess4[royal] to be; to do5(royal) honorific prefixปกครองbpòk-krɔɔngปกครองbpòk-krɔɔng1[to] govern; rule2[to] administer; overseeราษฎรrâat-sà-dɔɔnราษฎรrâat-sà-dɔɔn1the people; populace2citizen; subject (formal)ที่อาศัยtîi-aa-sǎiที่อาศัยtîi-aa-sǎiresidence; dwelling; habitatอยู่ในyùu-naiอยู่ในyùu-nai[to] be in [somewhere]ขอบkɔ̀ɔpขอบkɔ̀ɔp1edge; rim; border2margin (of a page or surface)3brim (hat or container)4lip (of a container or opening)5borderline; periphery (figurative)ขัณฑ์kǎnขัณฑ์kǎn1territory; boundary2part; sectionของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsพระองค์prá-ongพระองค์prá-ong1royal person; His/Her Majesty2royal third-person pronoun3royal second-person pronoun4royal classifier5body (royal)
The king rules over the citizens living in his territory.
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ทหารtá-hǎanมีหน้าที่mii-nâa-tîiปกป้องbpòk-bpɔ̂ngขอบkɔ̀ɔpขัณฑ์kǎnราชrâatสีมาsǐi-maaไม่ให้mâi-hâiศัตรูsàt-dtruuเข้ามาkâo-maaรุกรานrúk-raan
Soldiers have the duty to protect the boundaries of the kingdom from enemy invasion.
พระมหากษัตริย์prá-má-hǎa-gà-sàtทรงsongแผ่pɛ̀ɛพระบารมีprá-baa-rá-miiไปทั่วbpai-tûuaขอบkɔ̀ɔpขัณฑ์kǎnปริมณฑลbpà-rí-mon-tonเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiบ้านเมืองbâan-mʉʉangร่มเย็นเป็นสุขrôm-yen-bpen-sùk
The monarch extended his royal prestige throughout the entire domain so the nation would be peaceful.
สนธิสัญญาsǒn-tí-sǎn-yaaฉบับchà-bàpนี้níiจัดทำjàt-tamขึ้นkʉ̂nเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaกำหนดgam-nòtขอบkɔ̀ɔpขัณฑ์kǎnของkɔ̌ɔngทั้งสองtáng-sɔ̌ɔngประเทศbprà-têetให้hâiชัดเจนchát-jeen
This treaty was created to clearly define the territorial limits of both countries.
2NounC2
part; section
a part, portion, piece, or section
Examples
อาณาจักรaa-naa-jàkอาณาจักรaa-naa-jàk1kingdom; empire (monarchy or historical state)2realm; domain; sphere3kingdom (biology)ที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerเคยkoeiเคยkoei1ever; before (past experience)2used to (past habit or state)3shrimp paste (Southern Thai)ยิ่งใหญ่yîng yàiยิ่งใหญ่yîng yàigrand; magnificent; great in scale or importanceได้dâiได้dâi1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerแตกแยกdtàek yâekแตกแยกdtàek yâek1[to] split; break apart (non-physical, figurative)2divided; fractured (state)ออกòkออกòk1[to] go out; exit; leave2out; outward3[in sports] out of bounds4[to] come out; appear; be issued5[to] produce; emit; put out6[to] pay; spend; disburse7[to] quit; resign8[to] issue; publish9successfully; out (indicating comprehension or discovery)เป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)หลายlăaiหลายlăai1many; several2very; very much; a lot (Isan)ขัณฑ์kănขัณฑ์kăn1territory; boundary2part; sectionหลังจากlăng jàakหลังจากlăng jàak1after; subsequent to (time)2after; once (clause)การสวรรคตgaan sà-wan-kótการสวรรคตgaan sà-wan-kótroyal demise; monarch's passingของkŏngของkŏng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsพระมหากษัตริย์prá-má-hăa-gà-sàtพระมหากษัตริย์prá-má-hăa-gà-sàt1king; monarch (formal)2classifier: พระองค์ (for a monarch)
The once-great kingdom broke apart into several parts after the king's passing.
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คัมภีร์kam-peeทางศาสนาtaang sàat-sà-năaฉบับchà-bàpนี้néeมีmeeการแบ่งgaan bàengเนื้อหาnéuua hăaออกòkเป็นbpenขัณฑ์kănต่างๆdtàang-dtàangเพื่อให้pêuua hâiง่ายngâaiต่อdtòการทำความเข้าใจgaan tam kwaam kâo-jai
This religious scripture has its contents divided into various sections to make it easier to understand.
งานวิจัยngaan wí-jaiชิ้นนี้chín néeมุ่งศึกษาmûng sùek-săaเพียงpiiangขัณnáฑtháภาคpâakหนึ่งnèungของkŏngประวัติศาสตร์bprà-wàt-sàatศิลปะsĭn-lá-bpàเท่านั้นtâo nán
This piece of research aims to study only one section of art history.
ตำราdtam-raaสถาปัตยกรรมโบราณsà-tǎa-bpàt-dtà-yá-gam-boo-raanฉบับchà-bàpนี้níiถูกtùukแบ่งbɛ̀ngเนื้อหาnʉ́ʉa-hǎaออกɔ̀ɔkเป็นbpenหลายlǎaiขัณฑ์kǎnซึ่งsʉ̂ngแต่ละdtɛ̀ɛ-láขัณฑ์kǎnล้วนlúuanอธิบายถึงà-tí-baai-tʉ̌ngสัดส่วนsàt-sùuanที่tîiสมบูรณ์sǒm-buunของkɔ̌ɔngอาคารaa-kaan
This ancient architectural treatise has its contents divided into several sections, each of which explains the perfect proportions of buildings.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is ขัณฑ์ said ขัน?
kǎn
- Final soundAt the end of a syllable, ณ is said like น (n).Silent letterฑ์ is silent: the ◌์ mark cancels its sound.
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ณ, a sonorant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
kǎn
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
ฑ์ is silent here.
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |