หิงสา
hǐng-sǎaMeanings
1NounC1
harm; injury; violence
the act of harming, injuring, or using violence against someone, often in religious or literary contexts
Examples
พระภิกษุprá-pík-sùพระภิกษุprá-pík-sùBuddhist monk (formal, male)สอนsɔ̌ɔnสอนsɔ̌ɔn1[to] teach [sb] [sth]2[to] instruct; train [sb]3[to] admonish; give moral guidanceว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeเราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)ไม่ควรmâi-kuuanไม่ควรmâi-kuuan1should not; ought not2inappropriate; improperประกอบbprà-gɔ̀ɔpประกอบbprà-gɔ̀ɔp1[to] assemble; put together2[to] consist of; be composed of3[to] perform (duties/rituals)4[to] accompany; go together withกรรมgamกรรมgam1damn it; what bad luck! (colloquial)2karma; deed (Buddhist moral causation)3deed; act (with moral weight)4fate; consequence; retribution5object (grammar)หิงสาhǐng-sǎaหิงสาhǐng-sǎa1harm; injury; violence2[to] harm [sb]; [to] injure [sb]ต่อdtɔ̀ɔต่อdtɔ̀ɔ1[to] continue; go on2per; each (rate/unit)3[to] connect; attach; join4[to] bargain; haggle5to; toward (target of an action or attitude)6[to] renew; extendสัตว์โลกsàt-lôokสัตว์โลกsàt-lôok1all living beings2animals (everyday usage)ทั้งหลายtáng-lǎaiทั้งหลายtáng-lǎai1all; all the2all (following a pronoun)
The monk taught that we should not harm or commit violence against any living beings.
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ตามdtaamหลักคำสอนlàk-kam-sɔ̌ɔnในnaiพระพุทธศาสนาprá-pút-tá-sàat-sà-nǎaการgaanหิงสาhǐng-sǎaผู้อื่นpûu-ʉ̀ʉnย่อมyɔ̂mนำnamความทุกข์kwaam-túkมาสู่maa-sùuตนเองdton-eengในท้ายที่สุดnai-táai-tîi-sùt
According to Buddhist teachings, inflicting harm upon others will ultimately bring suffering to oneself.
บทกวีbòt-gà-wiiมหากาพย์má-hǎa-gàapได้dâaiบรรยายban-yaaiให้hâiเห็นภาพhěn-pâapความโหดร้ายkwaam-hòot-ráaiและlɛ́การทำgaan-tamหิงสาhǐng-sǎaอย่างyàangไร้ความปรานีrái-kwaam-bpraa-niiของkɔ̌ɔngกองทัพgɔɔng-tápปีศาจbpii-sàat
The epic poem vividly describes the cruelty and the merciless violence committed by the demonic army.
การหลุดพ้นgaan lùt pónทางจิตวิญญาณtaang jìt-dtà-win-yaanอย่างแท้จริงyàang tâe jingนั้นnánจำเป็นต้องjam bpen dtôngละทิ้งlá tíngความพยาบาทkwaam pá-yaa-bâatความโลภkwaam lôhpและláeความปรารถนาkwaam bpràat-thà-năaที่จะtêe jàหิงสาhĭng-săaเพื่อนมนุษย์pêuuan má-nútให้หมดhâi mòtสิ้นsînไปbpai
True spiritual liberation requires the complete eradication of malice, greed, and the desire to inflict violence upon fellow human beings.
2VerbC1
[to] harm [sb]; [to] injure [sb]
to harm, injure, or mistreat someone
Examples
ผู้ใหญ่pûu-yàiผู้ใหญ่pûu-yài1adult; grown-up2elder; respected senior3adult (modifier)4authority; person in charge5senior; high-ranking (modifier)ในสมัยก่อนnai-sà-mǎi-gɔ̀ɔnในสมัยก่อนnai-sà-mǎi-gɔ̀ɔnin the past; formerlyมักmákมักmák1often; usually2[to] tend to; usually [do sth]3fond of; inclined toสอนsɔ̌ɔnสอนsɔ̌ɔn1[to] teach [sb] [sth]2[to] instruct; train [sb]3[to] admonish; give moral guidanceลูกหลานlûuk-lǎanลูกหลานlûuk-lǎan1descendants; offspring2younger generation (collective)ว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeอย่าyàaอย่าyàadon’t; do not (negative imperative)หิงสาhǐng-sǎaหิงสาhǐng-sǎa1harm; injury; violence2[to] harm [sb]; [to] injure [sb]สัตว์sàtสัตว์sàt1animal (non-human creature)2beast; brute (pejorative)เพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)เป็นบาปbpen-bàapเป็นบาปbpen-bàap[to] be sinful; [to] be a sinติดตัวdtìt-dtuuaติดตัวdtìt-dtuua1[to] have/carry on one’s person2with you; on one’s person; on hand3[to] cling/adhere to one’s body (of smells/stains/etc.)4[to] remain with [sb] (of traits/skills/etc.); be inherent
Adults in the old days often taught their children not to harm animals, as it would bring bad karma.
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กษัตริย์gà-sàtทั้งสองtáng-sɔ̌ɔngเมืองmʉʉangทรงsongทำสัญญาสงบศึกtam-sǎn-yaa-sà-ngòp-sʉ̀kและlɛ́สาบานsǎa-baanว่าwâaจะjàไม่mâiหิงสาhǐng-sǎaกันganอีกìik
The kings of both cities made a peace treaty and swore not to harm each other again.
คำสอนkam-sɔ̌ɔnในnaiพระพุทธศาสนาprá-pút-tá-sàat-sà-nǎaเน้นย้ำnén-yámให้hâiมนุษย์má-nútมีเมตตาmii-mêet-dtaaและlɛ́ไม่mâiหิงสาhǐng-sǎaเพื่อนร่วมโลกpʉ̂ʉan-rûuam-lôok
Teachings in Buddhism emphasize that humans should be compassionate and not harm fellow beings.
วรรณคดีwan-ná-ká-diiเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangนี้níiสอนsɔ̌ɔnให้hâiผู้ปกครองpûu-bpòk-krɔɔngมีเมตตาธรรมmii-mêet-dtaa-tamและlɛ́ไม่mâiหิงสาhǐng-sǎaอาณาประชาราษฎร์aa-naa-bprà-chaa-râat
This literary work teaches rulers to have compassion and not mistreat their citizens.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ง, a sonorant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
hǐng
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |