สถุล
sà-tǔnMeanings
1AdjectiveB2
vulgar; crude; indecent
coarse or rude in behavior or language; lacking refinement; obscene
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillชอบchɔ̂ɔpชอบchɔ̂ɔp1[to] like; be fond of2tend to; usually3be proper; be fitting (formal)พูดจาpûut-jaaพูดจาpûut-jaa[to] speak; talk (how one speaks)สถุลsà-tǔnสถุลsà-tǔn1vulgar; crude; indecent2coarse; gross (not subtle)ใส่sàiใส่sài1[to] put in; [to] add2[to] wear; [to] put on3[to] include; [to] insert (data, settings)4[to] attack; [to] go at (colloq.)คนอื่นkon-ʉ̀ʉnคนอื่นkon-ʉ̀ʉn1other people; others2someone else; another personฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)เลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)อยากyàakอยากyàak1[to] want; desire2to crave; to long forยุ่งyûngยุ่งyûng1busy; occupied2messy; tangled3complicated; troublesome4[to] meddle; interfere5swarming with flies/mosquitoes (dial.)กับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)6classifier: sets/pairs (spoon and fork)เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hill
He likes to speak crudely to other people, so I don't want to get involved with him.
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อย่าyàaทำtamพฤติกรรมprʉ́t-dtì-gamสถุลsà-tǔnแบบนั้นbɛ̀ɛp-nánในnaiที่สาธารณะtîi-sǎa-taa-rá-náมันmanน่าอายnâa-aaiมากmâak
Don't engage in such vulgar behavior in public, it's very embarrassing.
การใช้คำgaan-chái-kamพูดpûutที่tîiสถุลsà-tǔnและlɛ́หยาบคายyàap-kaaiในnaiการวิจารณ์gaan-wí-jaanผลงานpǒn-ngaanผู้อื่นpûu-ʉ̀ʉnไม่ได้mâi-dâaiทำให้tam-hâiตัวเองdtuua-eengดูduuสูงส่งsǔung-sòngขึ้นkʉ̂nเลยləəi
Using coarse and rude language to critique others' work doesn't make oneself appear any more noble.
แม้mɛ́ɛจะjàมีการศึกษาmii-gaan-sʉ̀k-sǎaดีdiiแต่dtɛ̀ɛความคิดkwaam-kítและlɛ́วาจาwaa-jaaอันanสถุลsà-tǔnของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoก็gɔ̂บ่งบอกถึงbòng-bɔ̀ɔk-tʉ̌ngรากเหง้าrâak-ngâoที่แท้จริงtîi-tɛ́ɛ-jing
Despite having a good education, his vulgar thoughts and speech reveal his true origins.
2AdjectiveC1
coarse; gross (not subtle)
not fine or subtle; of a lower, cruder level (e.g., the 'gross' level of something)
Examples
ร่างกายrâang-gaaiร่างกายrâang-gaaibodyเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)ส่วนsùuanส่วนsùuan1part; portion; section2share; quota3department; division; unit4as for; regarding5over (in fractions)สถุลsà-tǔnสถุลsà-tǔn1vulgar; crude; indecent2coarse; gross (not subtle)ส่วนsùuanส่วนsùuan1part; portion; section2share; quota3department; division; unit4as for; regarding5over (in fractions)จิตใจjìt-jaiจิตใจjìt-jai1mind; heart; spirit (inner feelings)2disposition; temperamentเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)ส่วนsùuanส่วนsùuan1part; portion; section2share; quota3department; division; unit4as for; regarding5over (in fractions)ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerละเอียดlá-ìiatละเอียดlá-ìiat1fine; minute; tiny (texture/particles)2detailed; thorough3subtle; delicate; sensitive4refined (opposite of crude)กว่าgwàaกว่าgwàa1than (comparative marker)2more than; over
The body is the gross part, while the mind is the more subtle part.
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วิทยาศาสตร์wít-thá-yaa-sàatมักจะmák jàศึกษาsèuk-săaสิ่งต่างๆsìng dtàang dtàangในnaiระดับrá-dàpสถุลsà-tŭnก่อนที่gòn têeจะjàลงลึกlong léukไปbpaiในnaiรายละเอียดraai-lá-ìiatระดับrá-dàpจุลภาคjun-lá-pâak
Science often studies things at the gross level before delving into microscopic details.
ในnaiการวิเคราะห์gaan-wí-krɔ́ปัญหาbpan-hǎaเขาkǎoพิจารณาpí-jaa-rá-naaแค่kɛ̂ɛปัจจัยbpàt-jaiในnaiระดับrá-dàpสถุลsà-tǔnแต่dtɛ̀ɛไม่ได้mâi-dâaiมองmɔɔngพลวัตpon-lá-wátที่tîiละเอียดอ่อนlá-ìiat-ɔ̀ɔnซึ่งsʉ̂ngซ่อนอยู่sɔ̂ɔn-yùu
In analyzing the problem, he only considered factors at the gross level, but didn't see the subtle dynamics hidden underneath.
การปฏิบัติธรรมgaan-bpà-dtì-bàt-tamคือkʉʉการฝึกฝนgaan-fʉ̀k-fǒnจิตjìtให้hâiรับรู้ráp-rúuจากjàakสภาวะsà-paa-wáที่tîiสถุลsà-tǔnไปสู่bpai-sùuสภาวะsà-paa-wáที่tîiละเอียดประณีตlá-ìiat-bprà-nîitยิ่งขึ้นyîng-kʉ̂n
Dhamma practice is the training of the mind to perceive from a gross state to a more refined and subtle state.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is สถุล said สะ-ถุน?
sà-tǔn
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Low tone
sà
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
High class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |