บรรดา

ban-daa

Meanings

1determinerB1

all; the whole group of

used before a plural or collective noun to refer to all members of that set taken together (e.g., บรรดานักเรียน ‘all the students’).

Examples

บรรดาban-daaบรรดาban-daa1all; the whole group of2various; amongนักเรียนnák-riianนักเรียนnák-riianschool student; pupilยืนyʉʉnยืนyʉʉn1[to] stand2standing; upright (posture/position)3fixed; steady; unchanged (figurative)4to be fixed; remain unchanged (figurative)เข้าแถวkâo-tɛ̌ɛoเข้าแถวkâo-tɛ̌ɛo[to] line up; queue; form upหน้าnâaหน้าnâa1face2front; frontage3page4next; upcoming5in front; at the front6season; time of year7topping (food)เสาธงsǎo-tongเสาธงsǎo-tongflagpole
All the students lined up in front of the flagpole.
3 more examples
บรรดาban-daaผู้ปกครองpûu-bpòk-krɔɔngนั่งnângรอrɔɔในnaiหอประชุมhɔ̌ɔ-bprà-chumเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaฟังfangประกาศbprà-gàatจากjàakโรงเรียนroong-riian
All the parents sat waiting in the auditorium to hear the school’s announcement.
บรรดาban-daaพนักงานpá-nák-ngaanต่างdtàangช่วยกันchûuai-ganจัดบูธjàt-bùutก่อนgɔ̀ɔnงานngaanเริ่มrə̂əm
All the employees helped set up the booth before the event began.
บรรดาban-daaนักวิจัยnák-wí-jaiเห็นพ้องhěn-pɔ́ɔngกันganว่าwâaควรkuuanเผยแพร่pə̌əi-prɛ̂ɛข้อมูลkɔ̂ɔ-muunนี้níiให้hâiสาธารณชนsǎa-taa-rá-ná-chonรับรู้ráp-rúu
All the researchers agreed that this information should be made public.
2determinerB2

various; among

used to introduce a set when selecting or referring to members within it (often in “บรรดาบรรดาban-daa1all; the whole group of2various; among…ทั้งหลายทั้งหลายtáng-lǎai1all (following a pronoun)2all; all the/ที่ที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal marker…” constructions).

Examples

ในบรรดาnai-ban-daaในบรรดาnai-ban-daaamong; amidstผู้สมัครpûu-sà-màkผู้สมัครpûu-sà-màk1applicant; registrant2candidate (esp. election)3contestant; entrantที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerผ่านpàanผ่านpàan1[to] pass (by/through)2[to] pass (succeed/clear)3[to] experience; go through4past; via; throughรอบrɔ̂ɔpรอบrɔ̂ɔp1around; surrounding2round; cycle; lap; turn3time slot; session4perimeter; circumference; surrounding area5classifier: rounds; laps; showings6all around; fullyแรกrɛ̂ɛkแรกrɛ̂ɛk1first; earliest; initial2at first; initiallyจะมีjà-miiจะมีjà-miithere will be; [to] have (in the future)บางคนbaang-konบางคนbaang-konsome people; some personsถูกtùukถูกtùuk1cheap; inexpensive2correct; right3[to] touch; come into contact with [sb/sth]4to be correct/right5proper; morally right6[to] be affected; suffer (often adverse)7passive marker (often adverse)เรียกมาrîiak-maaเรียกมาrîiak-maa[to] call over; [to] summonสัมภาษณ์sǎm-pâatสัมภาษณ์sǎm-pâat1[to] interview [sb]2interviewอีกรอบìik-rɔ̂ɔpอีกรอบìik-rɔ̂ɔp1again; one more time2another round
Among the applicants who passed the first round, some will be called for another interview.
3 more examples
บรรดาban-daaหนังสือnǎng-sʉ̌ʉที่tîiเธอtəəอ่านàanปีนี้bpii-níiเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangนี้níiสนุกsà-nùkที่สุดtîi-sùt
Among the books she read this year, this one is the most enjoyable.
บรรดาban-daaแนวคิดnaeo kítที่têeนำเสนอnam sà-nĕrมีmeeเพียงpiiangสองsŏngแนวทางnaeo taangที่ทำtêe tamได้จริงdâi jingในnaiเวลาจำกัดway-laa jam-gàt
Among the proposed ideas, only two approaches are feasible within the limited time.
บรรดาban-daaปัจจัยbpàt-jaiที่tîiเกี่ยวข้องgìiao-kɔ̂ɔngปัจจัยbpàt-jaiด้านdâanเวลาwee-laaเป็นbpenตัวแปรdtuua-bprɛɛที่tîiกำหนดgam-nòtผลลัพธ์pǒn-lápมากที่สุดmâak-tîi-sùt
Among the relevant factors, the time factor is the variable that determines the outcome the most.

Tones

See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.

Why is บรรดา said บัน-ดา?

ban-daa

The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.

2 syllables · pick one to see its rule

How the tone is decided

  1. Consonant classMid class
  2. Tone markNo tone mark
  3. Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ร, a sonorant, so it is live.

Mid class consonants

กจฎฏดตบปอ

Result

Mid tone

ban

Level, in your normal speaking voice.

Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid

Tone chart

Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.

Mid classHigh classLow class
No mark + liveMidRisingMid
No mark + dead shortLowLowHigh
No mark + dead longLowLowFalling
Mai ekLowLowFalling
Mai thoFallingFallingHigh
Mai triHigh——
Mai chattawaRising——

Related Words

1all; the whole group of