เปสต์
bpéetMeaning
1NounC2
plague; bubonic plague
plague, especially bubonic plague; a serious infectious disease
Examples
ในอดีตnai-à-dìitในอดีตnai-à-dìitin the past; formerlyโรคrôokโรคrôokdisease; illnessเปสต์bpéetเปสต์bpéetplague; bubonic plagueเคยkəəiเคยkəəi1ever; before (past experience)2used to (past habit or state)3shrimp paste (Southern Thai)คร่าkrâaคร่าkrâa1polite particle (colloq., online)2[to] kill; claim [sb]’s life3[to] abduct; carry off [sb] by forceชีวิตchii-wítชีวิตchii-wít1life (state of being alive)2life (one’s life; way of living)3lifetime; lifespanผู้คนpûu-konผู้คนpûu-konpeople; the publicในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ทวีปยุโรปtá-wîip-yú-ròopทวีปยุโรปtá-wîip-yú-ròopEurope; the European continentไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already past5too; excessivelyเป็นจำนวนมากbpen-jam-nuuan-mâakเป็นจำนวนมากbpen-jam-nuuan-mâak1numerous; many (post-nominal)2in large numbers; in great quantityจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofเกิดgə̀ətเกิดgə̀ət1to be born2to happen; occur; arise3born (indicating birthplace/time)4(colloq.) if it happens that; unexpectedlyความตื่นตระหนกkwaam-dtʉ̀ʉn-dtrà-nòkความตื่นตระหนกkwaam-dtʉ̀ʉn-dtrà-nòkpanic; alarmไปทั่วbpai-tûuaไปทั่วbpai-tûua1[to] go everywhere; travel all over2all over; everywhere (extent marker)
In the past, the plague claimed the lives of countless people in Europe, causing widespread panic.
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การแพร่ระบาดgaan-prɛ̂ɛ-rá-bàatของkɔ̌ɔngเชื้อchʉ́ʉaเปสต์bpéetในnaiยุคกลางyúk-glaangส่งผลกระทบsòng-pǒn-grà-tópอย่างรุนแรงyàang-run-rɛɛngต่อdtɔ̀ɔโครงสร้างkroong-sâangทางเศรษฐกิจtaang-sèet-tà-gìtและlɛ́ประชากรศาสตร์bprà-chaa-gɔɔn-sàatของkɔ̌ɔngสังคมsǎng-komยุโรปyú-ròop
The outbreak of the plague during the Middle Ages had a severe impact on the economic and demographic structures of European society.
พาหะpaa-hàสำคัญsǎm-kanที่tîiนำnamเชื้อchʉ́ʉaเปสต์bpéetมาสู่maa-sùuมนุษย์má-nútคือkʉʉหมัดmàtที่tîiอาศัยอยู่aa-sǎi-yùuบนbonตัวdtuuaหนูnǔuซึ่งsʉ̂ngแพร่กระจายprɛ̂ɛ-grà-jaaiไปตามbpai-dtaamเส้นทางการค้าsên-taang-gaan-káaทางเรือtaang-rʉʉa
The primary vectors that transmitted the plague to humans were fleas living on rats, which spread along maritime trade routes.
แม้ว่าmɛ́ɛ-wâaวิทยาการwít-tá-yaa-gaanทางtaangการแพทย์แผนปัจจุบันgaan-pɛ̂ɛt-pɛ̌ɛn-bpàt-jù-banจะjàสามารถsǎa-mâatควบคุมkûuap-kumและlɛ́รักษาโรคrák-sǎa-rôokเปสต์bpéetได้dâaiด้วยdûuaiยาปฏิชีวนะyaa-bpà-dtì-chii-wá-náทว่าtá-wâaร่องรอยrɔ̂ng-rɔɔiบาดแผลbàat-plɛ̌ɛทางประวัติศาสตร์taang-bprà-wàt-dtì-sàatจากjàakมฤตยูmá-rʉ́t-dtà-yuuมืดmʉ̂ʉtนี้níiก็gɔ̂ยังคงyang-kongฝังรากลึกfǎng-râak-lʉ́kในnaiวรรณกรรมwan-ná-gamตะวันตกdtà-wan-dtòk
Although modern medical science can control and treat the plague with antibiotics, the historical scars left by this black death remain deeply rooted in Western literature.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is เปสต์ said เป๊ด?
bpéet
- Final soundAt the end of a syllable, ส is said like ด (t).Silent letterต์ is silent: the ◌์ mark cancels its sound.Spoken toneSaid with a High tone in everyday Thai, as if written เป๊ด (bpéet). The spelling rule would give a Low tone.
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -ส, a stop, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
ResultSpoken tone
High tone
bpéet
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Spelling rule: Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Spoken tone Said with a High tone in everyday Thai. The spelling rule would give a Low tone, but this loanword follows how it's actually pronounced. Say it as if written เป๊ด (bpéet).
ต์ is silent here.
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
The chart shows the spelling rule. In everyday Thai, this syllable is said with a High tone instead.