อด
òtMeanings
1VerbA2
[to] refrain; [to] resist (doing)
to stop oneself from doing something; to hold back from an action
Examples
ปกติbpòk-gà-dtìปกติbpòk-gà-dtì1normal; usual; ordinary2normally; usually3normal state; normฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)พูดpûutพูดpûut1[to] speak; talk2[to] say; speak3[to] tell; talk aboutตลอดdtà-lɔ̀ɔtตลอดdtà-lɔ̀ɔt1throughout; continuously; all the time2throughout; along (extent/duration)แต่dtɛ̀ɛแต่dtɛ̀ɛ1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)วันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at presentฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)อดòtอดòt1[to] refrain; [to] resist (doing)2[to] go without; [to] forgo3[to] fast; [to] abstain from foodพูดpûutพูดpûut1[to] speak; talk2[to] say; speak3[to] tell; talk aboutเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangเรื่องrʉ̂ʉang1matter; issue; subject2story; tale3classifier for stories/films/cases4about; regarding (as a topic marker)นี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ไว้wáiไว้wái1[to] keep; save; store2[to] set aside; reserve3for later; in reserve4[to] leave (something) as is5marks retention or maintenance of a state6[to] wear; sport (hair/moustache/etc.)
Normally I always talk, but today I will hold back from talking about this.
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เมื่อวานmêuua waanเขาkăoโกรธgròhtมากmâakแต่dtàeเขาkăoอดด่าòt dàaไว้wáiและláeเดินdernออกไปòk bpaiเงียบngîiapๆ-
Yesterday he was very angry, but he held back from swearing and quietly walked away.
เธอtəəอยากyàakโทรหาtoo-hǎaเขาkǎoมากmâakทว่าtá-wâaเธอtəəอดòtโทรtooเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaรอดูrɔɔ-duuท่าทีtâa-tiiก่อนgɔ̀ɔn
She really wanted to call him, but she refrained from calling to see how things would go first.
ผมpŏmเห็นhĕnคอมเมนต์kom-ménแรงraengๆ-แล้วláeoอยากyàakตอบโต้dtòp dtôแต่dtàeสุดท้ายsùt táaiก็gâwอดòtพิมพ์pimไว้wáiเพื่อไม่ให้pêuua mâi hâiเรื่องrêuuangบานปลายbaan bplaai
I saw harsh comments and wanted to respond, but in the end I held back from typing to keep it from escalating.
2VerbA2
[to] go without; [to] forgo
to do without something desired or needed, willingly or unwillingly
Examples
เดือนนี้dʉʉan-níiเดือนนี้dʉʉan-níi1this month (current month)2this month; during this monthฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)ต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toอดขนมòt-kà-nǒmอดขนมòt-kà-nǒm[to] refrain from sweets; go without snacks/dessertเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingเงินngənเงินngən1money2funds; finances3silver (metal)ไม่พอmâi-pɔɔไม่พอmâi-pɔɔ1not enough; insufficient2not enough; not sufficiently
This month I have to do without snacks because I don't have enough money.
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Yesterday the power went out, so we had to do without the fan all night.
He forgot his wallet, so he had to do without buying a train ticket.
ช่วงchûuangประหยัดbprà-yàtค่าใช้จ่ายkâa chái jàaiเราraoเลือกlêuuakอดòtเที่ยวtîaoไกลglaiๆ-แล้วláeoอยู่yòoบ้านbâanทำกิจกรรมtam gìt-jà-gamง่ายngâaiๆ-แทนtaen
During this cost-saving period, we choose to do without long trips and stay home doing simple activities instead.
3VerbB1
[to] fast; [to] abstain from food
to not eat for a period, often for religious, health, or ritual reasons
Examples
พรุ่งนี้prûng-níiพรุ่งนี้prûng-níi1tomorrow (the day after today)2tomorrow; on the day after todayฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)อดอาหารòt-aa-hǎanอดอาหารòt-aa-hǎan1[to] fast; abstain from eating2[to] go hungry; go without foodครึ่งวันkrʉ̂ng-wanครึ่งวันkrʉ̂ng-wan1half-day (time period)2half-day (lasting for half a day)เพื่อสุขภาพpʉ̂ʉa-sùk-kà-pâapเพื่อสุขภาพpʉ̂ʉa-sùk-kà-pâap1for health; for one's health2healthy; healthful (used after a noun)
Tomorrow I will fast for half a day for my health.
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ช่วงเข้าพรรษาchûuang-kâo-pan-sǎaเขาkǎoอดอาหารòt-aa-hǎanบางbaangมื้อmʉ́ʉเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaฝึกfʉ̀kวินัยwí-naiและlɛ́จิตใจjìt-jai
During the Buddhist Lent, he skips some meals to cultivate discipline and mind.
ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnตรวจdtrùuatเลือดlʉ̂ʉatหมอmɔ̌ɔสั่งให้sàng-hâiอดอาหารòt-aa-hǎanตั้งแต่dtâng-dtɛ̀ɛเที่ยงคืนtîiang-kʉʉn
Before the blood test, the doctor instructed me to fast from midnight.
เธอterทดลองtót-longอดอาหารòt aa-hăanเป็นช่วงbpen chûuangๆ-ตามdtaamตารางdtaa-raangเพื่อpêuuaดูผลdoo pŏnต่อdtòระดับพลังงานrá-dàp pá-lang ngaanและláeการนอนgaan non
She practices intermittent fasting on a schedule to observe effects on energy levels and sleep.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -ด, a stop, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
òt
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |