อธรรม
à-tamMeanings
1NounB2
injustice; unrighteousness; evil
conduct or conditions that are unjust, immoral, or contrary to righteousness or moral law; wickedness.
Examples
ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanชาวบ้านchaao-bâan1villagers; locals; rural residents2ordinary people; laypeople; the public3folksy; colloquial; plain (as a modifier)ลุกขึ้นต่อต้านlúk-kʉ̂n-dtɔ̀ɔ-dtâanลุกขึ้นต่อต้านlúk-kʉ̂n-dtɔ̀ɔ-dtâan[to] rise up against [sb/sth]; [to] revoltความkwaamความkwaam1abstract noun prefix2matter; case; contentอธรรมà-tamอธรรมà-tam1injustice; unrighteousness; evil2immoral; unjust; unrighteousที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerเกิดgə̀ətเกิดgə̀ət1to be born2to happen; occur; arise3born (indicating birthplace/time)4(colloq.) if it happens that; unexpectedlyในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ชุมชนchum-chonชุมชนchum-choncommunityของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsตนdtonตนdton1self; oneself2self (as a concept)3classifier: supernatural beings; ascetics
Villagers rose up against the wickedness occurring in their community.
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เขาkǎoเชื่อchʉ̂ʉaว่าความwâa-kwaamอธรรมà-tamจะjàพ่ายแพ้pâai-pɛ́ɛต่อdtɔ̀ɔความดีkwaam-diiในที่สุดnai-tîi-sùt
He believes that wickedness will eventually be defeated by goodness.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaอำนาจรัฐam-nâat-rátถูกtùukครอบงำkrɔ̂ɔp-ngamด้วยdûuaiอธรรมà-tamความยุติธรรมkwaam-yú-dtì-tamย่อมyɔ̂mสั่นคลอนsàn-klɔɔnและlɛ́ผู้คนpûu-konหมดmòtศรัทธาsàt-taa
When state power is dominated by wickedness, justice is shaken and people lose faith.
วรรณคดีwan-ná-ká-diiเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangนี้níiสะท้อนsà-tɔ́ɔnการต่อสู้gaan-dtɔ̀ɔ-sûuระหว่างrá-wàangธรรมะtam-máกับgàpอธรรมà-tamผ่านpàanตัวละครdtuua-lá-kɔɔnที่tîiต้องเลือกdtɔ̂ng-lʉ̂ʉakระหว่างrá-wàangประโยชน์bprà-yòotตนdtonกับgàpสังคมsǎng-kom
This literary work reflects the struggle between righteousness and wickedness through characters who must choose between personal gain and society.
2AdjectiveB2
immoral; unjust; unrighteous
not in accordance with righteousness or moral law; unjust or immoral.
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillปฏิเสธbpà-dtì-sèetปฏิเสธbpà-dtì-sèet1[to] refuse; decline2[to] deny3[to] rejectการตัดสินgaan-dtàt-sǐnการตัดสินgaan-dtàt-sǐn1adjudication; judgment (process)2ruling; verdict; formal decision3refereeing; judging (sports/contests)ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerอธรรมà-tamอธรรมà-tam1injustice; unrighteousness; evil2immoral; unjust; unrighteousและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)เรียกร้องrîiak-rɔ́ɔngเรียกร้องrîiak-rɔ́ɔng1[to] demand; call for; press for2[to] appeal for; urge (publicly)3[to] claim (rights/compensation)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)ทบทวนtóp-tuuanทบทวนtóp-tuuan1[to] review; revise (study)2[to] reconsider; re-examineคดีká-diiคดีká-diilegal case; lawsuitใหม่màiใหม่mài1new; not old2new; different; fresh3again; anew4new; inexperienced (novice)
He rejected the unjust ruling and called for a review of the case.
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คนkonในnaiชุมชนchum-chonไม่mâiยอมรับyɔɔm-rápวิธีการwí-tii-gaanที่tîiอธรรมà-tamแม้mɛ́ɛจะjàทำtamให้ได้hâi-dâaiผลลัพธ์pǒn-lápเร็วขึ้นreo-kʉ̂nก็ตามgɔ̂-dtaam
People in the community do not accept methods that are immoral, even if they bring quicker results.
กฎหมายgòt-mǎaiต้องdtɔ̂ngยืนอยู่yʉʉn-yùuข้างkâangความยุติธรรมkwaam-yú-dtì-tamไม่ใช่mâi-châiกลายเป็นglaai-bpenเครื่องมือkrʉ̂ʉang-mʉʉของkɔ̌ɔngอธรรมà-tam
The law must stand on the side of justice, not become a tool of injustice.
หากhàakสังคมsǎng-komนิ่งเฉยnîng-chə̌əiต่อdtɔ̀ɔการใช้gaan-cháiอำนาจam-nâatอย่างyàangอธรรมà-tamความไว้วางใจkwaam-wái-waang-jaiต่อdtɔ̀ɔสถาบันsà-tǎa-banย่อมyɔ̂mเสื่อมถอยsʉ̀ʉam-tɔ̌ɔiอย่างyàangหลีกเลี่ยงlìik-lîiangไม่ได้mâi-dâai
If society remains indifferent to the unjust exercise of power, trust in institutions will inevitably erode.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is อธรรม said อะ-ทัม?
à-tam
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
à
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |