ส่ำ
sàmMeanings
1AdverbB2
equally; as much as
equally; as much as; to the same size, amount, or degree, especially in Isan usage
Examples
เด็กdèkเด็กdèk1child; kid2young; not yet grown up3young person (informal)สองsɔ̌ɔngสองsɔ̌ɔng1two; 22secondคนนี้kon-níiคนนี้kon-níithis personมีอายุmii-aa-yúมีอายุmii-aa-yú1elderly; aged (of a person)2[to] be [number] years old; have an age of3[to] be old (of things)ส่ำsàmส่ำsàm1equally; as much as2group; herd; multitude3classifier for groups or herdsกันganกันgan1together; together with2each other; one another (post-verb marker)3[to] prevent; keep [sth] out; ward off; block4protective; resistant to; -proof5I; me (informal, male speech)6[to] set aside; reserve; earmarkเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceed
These two children are exactly the same age.
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ลูกสุนัขlûuk-sù-nákตัวdtuuaนี้níiมีmiiขนาดใหญ่kà-nàat-yàiส่ำsàmกำปั้นgam-bpânของฉันkɔ̌ɔng-chǎnเองeeng
This puppy is only as big as my fist.
This amount of money is not enough to pay the house rent.
ไม่ว่าmâi-wâaเวลาwee-laaจะjàผ่านไปpàan-bpaiนานnaanแค่ไหนkɛ̂ɛ-nǎiเขาkǎoก็gɔ̂ยังyangรักเธอrák-təəส่ำsàmเก่าgào
No matter how much time passes, he still loves her as much as before.
2NounC1
group; herd; multitude
a group, herd, flock, or multitude (often used in literary contexts)
Examples
ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ป่าbpàaป่าbpàa1forest; woodland2the wild; wilderness3wild; undomesticated; uncultivatedใหญ่yàiใหญ่yài1big; large2major; important3elder; seniorมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoส่ำsàmส่ำsàm1equally; as much as2group; herd; multitude3classifier for groups or herdsสัตว์sàtสัตว์sàt1animal (non-human creature)2beast; brute (pejorative)อาศัยอยู่aa-sǎi-yùuอาศัยอยู่aa-sǎi-yùu[to] live; reside; dwell; inhabitมากมายmâak-maaiมากมายmâak-maai1many; numerous; abundant2a great deal; very much
In the big forest, a multitude of animals live abundantly.
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เสียงนกร้องsǐiang-nók-rɔ́ɔngดังdangระงมrá-ngomมาจากmaa-jàakส่ำsàmวิหคwí-hòkที่tîiเกาะgɔ̀อยู่yùuบนbonกิ่งไม้gìng-máai
The loud chirping sound comes from the flock of birds perched on the branches.
กวีgà-wiiมักmákพรรณนาถึงpan-ná-naa-tʉ̌ngความงดงามkwaam-ngót-ngaamของkɔ̌ɔngธรรมชาติtam-má-châatและlɛ́ส่ำsàmสัตว์sàtในnaiวรรณคดีไทยwan-ná-ká-dii-taiโบราณboo-raan
Poets often depict the beauty of nature and the multitude of animals in ancient Thai literature.
เมื่อmêuuaถึงtĕungฤดูฝนréu-doo fŏnพฤกษาpréuk-săaนานาพรรณnaa-naa panและláeส่ำsàmมฤคmá-réukก็gâwกลับมาglàp maaกระชุ่มกระชวยgrà-chûm-grà-chuayอีกคราèek kraa
When the rainy season arrives, the various flora and the multitude of deer are rejuvenated once again.
3ClassifierC1
classifier for groups or herds
classifier used for groups, herds, or multitudes of animals or things
Examples
ตำนานdtam-naanตำนานdtam-naan1legend; myth; lore2legendary figure; icon3chronicle; historical accountกล่าวว่าglàao-wâaกล่าวว่าglàao-wâa[to] say that; state thatมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoช้างเผือกcháang-pʉ̀ʉakช้างเผือกcháang-pʉ̀ʉakwhite elephant; sacred albino elephantสามsǎamสามsǎamthree (3)ส่ำsàmส่ำsàm1equally; as much as2group; herd; multitude3classifier for groups or herdsอาศัยอยู่aa-sǎi-yùuอาศัยอยู่aa-sǎi-yùu[to] live; reside; dwell; inhabitในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ป่าลึกbpàa-lʉ́kป่าลึกbpàa-lʉ́k1deep forest; remote jungle2deep forest; remote forest interior
Legends say that three herds of white elephants live in the deep forest.
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ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanพบเห็นpóp-hěnช้างป่าcháang-bpàaหลายlǎaiส่ำsàmกำลังgam-langลงมาlong-maaกินginดินdinโป่งbpòongที่tîiชายป่าchaai-bpàa
Villagers spotted several herds of wild elephants coming down to eat at the salt lick at the forest edge.
การเคลื่อนย้ายgaan-klʉ̂ʉan-yáaiของkɔ̌ɔngม้าป่าmáa-bpàaนับสิบnáp-sìpส่ำsàmในnaiทุ่งกว้างtûng-gwâangสร้างsâangความkwaamตื่นตาตื่นใจdtʉ̀ʉn-dtaa-dtʉ̀ʉn-jaiให้แก่hâi-gɛ̀ɛผู้พบเห็นpûu-póp-hěn
The movement of tens of herds of wild horses in the vast plain amazed the onlookers.
ในnaiพงศาวดารpong-sǎa-wá-daanมีmiiการกล่าวถึงgaan-glàao-tʉ̌ngกองทัพgɔɔng-tápช้างcháangม้าmáaหลายlǎaiส่ำsàmที่tîiถูกtùukเกณฑ์geenมาmaaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaทำtamศึกสงครามsʉ̀k-sǒng-kraam
In the chronicles, there is a mention of several multitudes of elephants and horses conscripted for warfare.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markMai ek
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Low tone
sàm
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
High class + Mai ek → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |