สนิม
sà-nǐmMeanings
1NounB1
rust
a reddish or brownish coating that forms on iron or steel through oxidation, often in the presence of moisture
Examples
รั้วเหล็กrúua-lèkรั้วเหล็กrúua-lèkiron fence; steel fenceหน้าบ้านnâa-bâanหน้าบ้านnâa-bâan1front of the house; frontage2front office; customer-facing sideมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoสนิมsà-nǐmสนิมsà-nǐm1rust2corrosion deposit; tarnishเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingโดนdoonโดนdoon1[to] get; be subjected to (passive, often negative)2[to] be hit; be struck; be affected3[to] hit the mark; be spot on (slang/colloq.)ฝนfǒnฝนfǒn1rain2[to] file; grind; honeบ่อยbɔ̀iบ่อยbɔ̀ioften; frequently
The iron fence in front of the house has rust because it often gets rained on.
3 more examplesShow less
The old bicycle has rust on the chain, making it hard to pedal.
ถังtǎngเหล็กlèkที่tîiทิ้งไว้tíng-wáiริมทะเลrim-tá-leeเริ่มrə̂əmมีmiiสนิมsà-nǐmสีน้ำตาลแดงsǐi-nám-dtaan-dɛɛngเกาะgɔ̀เต็มdtemผิวpǐu
The steel drum left by the sea has begun to develop a reddish-brown layer of rust all over its surface.
หากhàakไม่มีmâi-miiการทาgaan-taaสีsǐiกันสนิมgan-sà-nǐmเหล็กlèkที่tîiสัมผัสsǎm-pàtความชื้นkwaam-chʉ́ʉnต่อเนื่องdtɔ̀ɔ-nʉ̂ʉangย่อมyɔ̂mเกิดgə̀ətสนิมsà-nǐmและlɛ́ผุกร่อนpù-grɔ̀ɔnได้dâaiเร็วreo
Without anti-rust paint, steel exposed to continuous moisture will inevitably develop rust and corrode quickly.
2NounB2
corrosion deposit; tarnish
a coating or deposit formed on a metal surface through chemical reaction, such as rust on iron or patina on copper
Examples
ท่อน้ำtɔ̂ɔ-náamท่อน้ำtɔ̂ɔ-náamwater pipeเหล็กในlèk-naiเหล็กในlèk-naistinger (of an insect)โรงงานroong-ngaanโรงงานroong-ngaanfactory; plantเริ่มrə̂əmเริ่มrə̂əm1[to] start; begin2[to] start to; begin toเสียหายsǐia-hǎaiเสียหายsǐia-hǎai1damaged; spoiled; impaired2[to] be damaged; suffer lossจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmสนิมsà-nǐmสนิมsà-nǐm1rust2corrosion deposit; tarnishทำให้tam-hâiทำให้tam-hâi1[to] make; cause [sb/sth] to [do/be sth]; render2[to] do/make [sth] for [sb]ความดันkwaam-danความดันkwaam-dan1pressure (force per unit area)2blood pressure3hypertension; high blood pressureตกdtòkตกdtòk1[to] fall; drop2(rain/snow) fall3[to] fail (an exam/test)4[to] drop; decline; decrease5[to] cost; come to6[to] fall to; devolve upon; be allotted to7[to] be left out; miss one’s turnและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)ต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toหยุดyùtหยุดyùt[to] stop; haltเครื่องkrʉ̂ʉangเครื่องkrʉ̂ʉang1machine; engine; device2appliance; electrical device3classifier: machines/devices4equipment; gear5aircraft; plane (colloq.)6assortment/set (pref.)7attire; ornaments; regaliaซ่อมsɔ̂mซ่อมsɔ̂m[to] repair; fix
The steel pipes in the factory began to suffer corrosion, causing pressure loss and requiring a shutdown for repairs.
3 more examplesShow less
หากhàakไม่mâiทาtaaน้ำยาnáam-yaaกันสนิมgan-sà-nǐmโครงสร้างkroong-sâangสะพานsà-paanอาจàatอ่อนแรงɔ̀ɔn-rɛɛngเพราะprɔ́การกัดกร่อนgaan-gàt-grɔ̀ɔnตามdtaamกาลเวลาgaan-wee-laa
If an anti-corrosion coating isn’t applied, the bridge structure may weaken due to corrosion over time.
เรือrʉʉaที่จอดtîi-jɔ̀ɔtในnaiทะเลtá-leeตลอดปีdtà-lɔ̀ɔt-bpiiต้องdtɔ̂ngตรวจสภาพdtrùuat-sà-pâapสนิมsà-nǐmสม่ำเสมอsà-màm-sà-mə̌əเพราะprɔ́น้ำเค็มnáam-kemเร่งrêngปฏิกิริยาbpà-dtì-gì-rí-yaaกัดกร่อนgàt-grɔ̀ɔnอย่างรุนแรงyàang-run-rɛɛng
Boats moored at sea year-round must regularly inspect for corrosion, as saltwater accelerates severe corrosive reactions.
วิศวกรwít-sà-wá-gɔɔnเสนอsà-nə̌əใช้cháiเหล็กชุบสังกะสีlèk-chúp-sǎng-gà-sǐiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaชะลอchá-lɔɔการเกิดสนิมgaan-gə̀ət-sà-nǐmบนbonผิวpǐuโลหะloo-hàลดlótต้นทุนdtôn-tunซ่อมบำรุงsɔ̂m-bam-rungระยะยาวrá-yá-yaao
Engineers proposed using galvanized steel to slow corrosion on metal surfaces, reducing long-term maintenance costs.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is สนิม said สะ-หนิม?
sà-nǐm
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Low tone
sà
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
High class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |