คั่ว

kûua

Meanings

1VerbB1

[to] roast; dry-fry

to cook ingredients in a pan with little or no oil until dry and fragrant (e.g., coffee beans, chilies, spices, nuts)

Examples

แม่mɛ̂ɛแม่mɛ̂ɛ1mother; mom2form of address for a woman (traditional/familiar)3prefix: female; main; baseกำลังgam-langกำลังgam-lang1currently; in the middle of2power; strength3power (physics)4troops; forcesคั่วkûuaคั่วkûua[to] roast; dry-fryถั่วลิสงtùua-lí-sǒngถั่วลิสงtùua-lí-sǒngpeanut (plant/seed)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)หอมhɔ̌ɔmหอมhɔ̌ɔm1fragrant; pleasantly scented2[to] smell nice; be fragrant3onion; shallot; spring onionก่อนgɔ̀ɔnก่อนgɔ̀ɔn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; formerใส่sàiใส่sài1[to] put in; [to] add2[to] wear; [to] put on3[to] include; [to] insert (data, settings)4[to] attack; [to] go at (colloq.)ส้มตำsôm-dtamส้มตำsôm-dtamsom tam; green papaya salad
Mom is dry-roasting peanuts until fragrant before adding them to som tam.
7 more examples
ผมpǒmคั่วkûuaเมล็ดกาแฟmá-lét-gaa-fɛɛเองeengที่บ้านtîi-bâanจนได้jon-dâaiกลิ่นหอมglìn-hɔ̌ɔmฟุ้งfúng
I roast coffee beans myself at home until the aroma fills the air.
ให้hâiคั่วkûuaพริกแห้งprík-hɛ̂ɛngกับgàpกระเทียมgrà-tiiamโดยdooiไม่ใส่mâi-sàiน้ำมันnám-manจนกรอบjon-grɔ̀ɔpแล้วlɛ́ɛoค่อยkɔ̂iโขลกklòok
Dry-roast the dried chilies with garlic without oil until crisp, then pound them.
ถ้าtâaคั่วkûuaงาngaaด้วยdûuaiไฟอ่อนfai-ɔ̀ɔnและlɛ́คนkonตลอดdtà-lɔ̀ɔtเมล็ดmá-létจะjàหอมhɔ̌ɔmและlɛ́ไม่mâiไหม้mâi
If you roast sesame seeds over low heat while stirring constantly, they will be fragrant and won’t burn.
แม่mɛ̂ɛคั่วkûuaงาngaaในnaiกระทะgrà-táแห้งhɛ̂ɛngเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiหอมhɔ̌ɔm
Mom dry-roasts sesame seeds in a pan to bring out the aroma.
ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnทำtamส้มตำsôm-dtamฉันchǎnคั่วkûuaถั่วลิสงtùua-lí-sǒngแบบbɛ̀ɛpไม่ใส่mâi-sàiน้ำมันnám-manให้hâiกรอบgrɔ̀ɔpและlɛ́หอมhɔ̌ɔm
Before making som tam, I dry-fry peanuts without oil to make them crisp and aromatic.
เชฟchépคั่วkûuaพริกpríkกับgàpกระเทียมgrà-tiiamในnaiกระทะgrà-táร้อนrónๆ-โดยdoiไม่mâiเติมน้ำมันdterm náam-manเพื่อpêuuaดึงdeungกลิ่นglìnออกมาòk maa
The chef dry-frys chilies and garlic in a hot pan without adding oil to extract the aroma.
สำหรับsǎm-ràpน้ำพริกnáam-príkสูตรsùutนี้níiต้องdtɔ̂ngคั่วkûuaเครื่องเทศkrʉ̂ʉang-têetบนbonกระทะgrà-táแห้งhɛ̂ɛngจนjonกลิ่นglìnฟุ้งfúngก่อนจะgɔ̀ɔn-jàโขลกklòokให้hâiละเอียดlá-ìiat
For this chili paste recipe, you must dry-toast the spices in a pan until the aroma blooms, before pounding them finely.
2VerbB2

[to] roast; dry-fry

To cook ingredients by stirring them in a hot pan with little or no oil.

Examples

แม่mɛ̂ɛแม่mɛ̂ɛ1mother; mom2form of address for a woman (traditional/familiar)3prefix: female; main; baseกำลังgam-langกำลังgam-lang1currently; in the middle of2power; strength3power (physics)4troops; forcesคั่วkûuaคั่วkûua[to] roast; dry-fryเมล็ดmá-létเมล็ดmá-lét1seed; kernel; pip2classifier: seeds; small grainsงาngaaงาngaa1sesame; sesame seed2tusk (elephant)3inward-pointing funnel of a fish trapบนbonบนbon1on; upon; in; above2upper; top3[to] vow (at a shrine)กระทะgrà-táกระทะgrà-tá1frying pan; skillet2wok3classifier: ใบให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)หอมhɔ̌ɔmหอมhɔ̌ɔm1fragrant; pleasantly scented2[to] smell nice; be fragrant3onion; shallot; spring onionก่อนgɔ̀ɔnก่อนgɔ̀ɔn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; formerใส่sàiใส่sài1[to] put in; [to] add2[to] wear; [to] put on3[to] include; [to] insert (data, settings)4[to] attack; [to] go at (colloq.)ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)สลัดsà-làtสลัดsà-làt1salad2[to] shake off; fling; toss
Mom is roasting sesame seeds in a pan until fragrant before adding them to the salad.
3 more examples
เช้านี้cháao-níiฉันchǎnคั่วkûuaพริกแห้งprík-hɛ̂ɛngกับgàpกระเทียมgrà-tiiamในnaiกระทะgrà-táแห้งhɛ̂ɛngเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaทำtamน้ำพริกnáam-prík
This morning I roasted dried chilies with garlic in a dry pan to make chili paste.
ให้hâiคั่วkûuaถั่วลิสงtùa lí-sŏngด้วยdûuayไฟอ่อนfai ònพลางplaangคนkonไปเรื่อยbpai rêuuaiๆ-จนjonผิวpĭuเริ่มrêrmแตกdtàekและláeส่งsòngกลิ่นหอมglìn hŏm
Roast the peanuts over low heat while stirring continuously until the skins crack and release aroma.
ตำรับdtam-rápนี้níiเน้นnénการคั่วgaan-kûuaเครื่องเทศkrʉ̂ʉang-têetให้hâiแห้งhɛ̂ɛngก่อนgɔ̀ɔnโขลกklòokเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaดึงdʉngกลิ่นglìnและlɛ́น้ำมันหอมnám-man-hɔ̌ɔmออกมาɔ̀ɔk-maaอย่างเต็มที่yàang-dtem-tîi
This recipe emphasizes dry-roasting the spices before pounding to fully draw out their aroma and essential oils.

Tones

See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.

How the tone is decided

  1. Consonant classLow class
  2. Tone markMai ek
  3. Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.

Low class consonants

คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ

Result

Falling tone

kûua

Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.

Low class + Mai ek → Falling

Tone chart

Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.

Mid classHigh classLow class
No mark + liveMidRisingMid
No mark + dead shortLowLowHigh
No mark + dead longLowLowFalling
Mai ekLowLowFalling
Mai thoFallingFallingHigh
Mai triHigh——
Mai chattawaRising——