กรรมฐาน
gam-má-tǎanMeanings
1NounB2
Buddhist meditation; meditative discipline
The act or practice of meditation in Buddhism, involving techniques to train the mind and develop concentration, mindfulness, and insight.
Examples
การทำgaan-tamการทำgaan-tamthe act of doing/making; execution; performanceกรรมฐานgam-má-tǎanกรรมฐานgam-má-tǎan1Buddhist meditation; meditative discipline2meditation subject; object of meditationช่วยให้chûuai-hâiช่วยให้chûuai-hâi[to] enable; help [sb/sth] (to) do [sth]; make [sth] possible/easierจิตใจสงบjìt-jai-sà-ngòpจิตใจสงบjìt-jai-sà-ngòp1calm; tranquil (in mind)2calm mind; peaceful mindและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)มีสมาธิmii-sà-maa-tíมีสมาธิmii-sà-maa-tí[to] be focused; [to] concentrateในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)การทำงานgaan-tam-ngaanการทำงานgaan-tam-ngaan1working; work (the act)2operation; functioningมากขึ้นmâak-kʉ̂nมากขึ้นmâak-kʉ̂n1more; increasingly2greater; more (than before)
Practicing meditation helps to calm the mind and have more concentration at work.
3 more examplesShow less
ช่วงเข้าพรรษาchûuang-kâo-pan-sǎaคุณยายkun-yaaiจะjàไปbpaiถือศีลtʉ̌ʉ-sǐinและlɛ́ปฏิบัติbpà-dtì-bàtกรรมฐานgam-má-tǎanที่tîiวัดwátทุกtúkสัปดาห์sàp-daa
During the Buddhist Rains Retreat, my grandmother goes to the temple to observe precepts and practice meditation every week.
หลวงพ่อlǔuang-pɔ̂ɔสอนsɔ̌ɔnว่าwâaหัวใจhǔua-jaiของkɔ̌ɔngการgaanเจริญกรรมฐานjà-rəən-gam-má-tǎanคือkʉʉการมีสติgaan-mii-sà-dtìรู้ตัวrúu-dtuuaอยู่yùuกับgàpปัจจุบันขณะbpàt-jù-ban-kà-nà
The venerable monk taught that the heart of practicing meditation is to be mindful of the present moment.
แม้mɛ́ɛจะjàใช้ชีวิตchái-chii-wítในเมืองnai-mʉʉangที่tîiวุ่นวายwûn-waaiเขาkǎoก็gɔ̂ยังyangหาเวลาhǎa-wee-laaปฏิบัติbpà-dtì-bàtกรรมฐานgam-má-tǎanทุกวันtúk-wanเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaรักษาสมดุลrák-sǎa-sǒm-dunทางจิตใจtaang-jìt-jai
Even though living in a busy city, he still finds time to practice meditation every day to maintain mental balance.
2NounC1
meditation subject; object of meditation
A specific theme, object, or concept used as the focus of concentration during Buddhist meditation (e.g., the breath, a colored disk, a specific virtue).
Examples
ผู้เริ่มต้นpôo rə̂əm-dtônผู้เริ่มต้นpôo rə̂əm-dtônbeginner; noviceฝึกสมาธิfèuk sà-maa-tíฝึกสมาธิfèuk sà-maa-tí[to] meditate; [to] practice meditationส่วนใหญ่sùuan yàiส่วนใหญ่sùuan yài1the majority; most2most (of); the majority of3mostly; mainly; largelyมักmákมักmák1often; usually2[to] tend to; usually [do sth]3fond of; inclined toใช้cháiใช้chái1[to] use; employ2[to] spend (money); pay; expend3[to] require; take (time/effort/amount)4[to] tell [sb] to do [sth]; assign; orderลมหายใจlom hăai-jaiลมหายใจlom hăai-jai1breath2life; life force (figurative)เป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)กรรมฐานgam-má-tăanกรรมฐานgam-má-tăan1Buddhist meditation; meditative discipline2meditation subject; object of meditation
Most beginners in meditation practice use the breath as the object of concentration.
3 more examplesShow less
พระอาจารย์prá-aa-jaanแนะนำให้nɛ́-nam-hâiพิจารณาร่างpí-jaa-rá-naa-râangกายgaaiเป็นbpenอสุภะà-sù-páซึ่งsʉ̂ngเป็นbpenกรรมฐานgam-má-tǎanกองgɔɔngหนึ่งnʉ̀ngที่tîiช่วยchûuaiลดlótความยึดติดkwaam-yʉ́t-dtìtในnaiรูปกายrûup-gaai
The meditation master suggested contemplating the impurity of the body, which is one type of meditation theme that helps reduce attachment to physical form.
การเลือกgaan-lʉ̂ʉakกรรมฐานgam-má-tǎanให้hâiถูกtùukกับgàpจริตjà-rìtของkɔ̌ɔngผู้ปฏิบัติpûu-bpà-dtì-bàtเป็นbpenปัจจัยสำคัญbpàt-jai-sǎm-kanที่tîiนำไปสู่nam-bpai-sùuความก้าวหน้าkwaam-gâao-nâaในnaiการภาวนาgaan-paa-wá-naa
Choosing a meditation subject that aligns with the practitioner's temperament is a crucial factor for making progress in mental cultivation.
สำหรับsăm-ràpผู้pôoมีmeeโทสจริตtoh-sà-jà-rìtการgaanเจริญเมตตาjà-rern mâyt-dtaaพรหมวิหารprom wí-hăanจัดเป็นjàt bpenกรรมฐานgam-má-tăanที่têeเกื้อกูลgêuua-goonอย่างยิ่งyàang yîngในnaiการข่มระงับgaan kòm rá-ngápความโกรธkwaam gròht
For those with a choleric temperament, developing the sublime state of loving-kindness is considered an especially supportive meditation theme for suppressing anger.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is กรรมฐาน said กัม-มะ-ถาน?
gam-má-tǎan
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
3 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
gam
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
กรรมgamกรรมgam1damn it; what bad luck! (colloquial)2karma; deed (Buddhist moral causation)3deed; act (with moral weight)4fate; consequence; retribution5object (grammar)damn it; what bad luck! (colloquial)Part 1
+
ฐานtǎanฐานtǎan1base; foundation2base (operations)3basis; grounds4[on the] charge of; for the offence of (ฐาน + alleged offence)5base (mathematics)6base (baseball)7rank; social standingbase; foundationPart 2
กรรมฐานgam-má-tǎanกรรมฐานgam-má-tǎanBuddhist meditation; meditative disciplineBuddhist meditation; meditative disciplineWord