ดื้อ
dʉ̂ʉMeanings
1AdjectiveA2
stubborn; obstinate; headstrong
refusing to change one’s mind or comply; stubborn or headstrong
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillดื้อdʉ̂ʉดื้อdʉ̂ʉ1stubborn; obstinate; headstrong2naughty; disobedient3resistant (to treatment/control)มากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)ยอมyɔɔmยอมyɔɔm1[to] agree; consent2[to] allow; permit3[to] yield; give in; submit4[to] admit (acknowledge)เปลี่ยนใจbplìian-jaiเปลี่ยนใจbplìian-jai1[to] change one’s mind2[to] have a change of heart; relent
He is very stubborn and refuses to change his mind.
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Even though everyone warned her, she still stubbornly followed the original plan.
เธอtəəรู้rúuว่าwâaมันmanเสี่ยงsìiangแต่dtɛ̀ɛด้วยdûuaiความkwaamดื้อdʉ̂ʉจึงjʉngไม่mâiยอมถอยyɔɔm-tɔ̌ɔiจากjàakความคิดkwaam-kítของตัวเองkɔ̌ɔng-dtuua-eeng
She knew it was risky, but out of stubbornness she refused to back down from her own idea.
2AdjectiveA2
naughty; disobedient
not behaving well or not following rules, especially of children or pets
Examples
ลูกหมาlûuk-mǎaลูกหมาlûuk-mǎapuppyของฉันkɔ̌ɔng-chǎnของฉันkɔ̌ɔng-chǎnmy; mineดื้อdʉ̂ʉดื้อdʉ̂ʉ1stubborn; obstinate; headstrong2naughty; disobedient3resistant (to treatment/control)มากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)ยอมyɔɔmยอมyɔɔm1[to] agree; consent2[to] allow; permit3[to] yield; give in; submit4[to] admit (acknowledge)นั่งnângนั่งnâng1[to] sit; sit down2[to] take; ride [sth] (vehicle)เลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceed
My puppy is very naughty and won’t sit at all.
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เมื่อวานนี้mʉ̂ʉa-waan-níiหลานชายlǎan-chaaiดื้อdʉ̂ʉไม่mâiยอมyɔɔmทำการบ้านtam-gaan-bâanตามที่dtaam-tîiแม่mɛ̂ɛบอกbɔ̀ɔk
Yesterday my nephew was misbehaving and refused to do his homework as his mom told him.
ถ้าtâaเธอtəəยังyangดื้อdʉ̂ʉแบบนี้bɛ̀ɛp-níiครูkruuจะjàไม่ให้mâi-hâiเล่นlênหลังlǎngเลิกเรียนlə̂ək-riian
If you keep misbehaving like this, the teacher won’t let you play after school.
แมวmɛɛoที่บ้านtîi-bâanชอบchɔ̂ɔpปีนbpiinโต๊ะกินข้าวdtó-gin-kâaoถึงtʉ̌ngห้ามhâamก็gɔ̂ยังyangดื้อdʉ̂ʉกลับมาglàp-maaทำtamอีกìik
Our cat likes to climb onto the dining table; even when we forbid it, it keeps misbehaving and does it again.
3AdjectiveB2
resistant (to treatment/control)
not responding to treatment, control, or correction (e.g., a disease, symptoms, or behavior)
Examples
ไข้kâiไข้kâifever; febrile illnessของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎohis; hers; theirsดื้อdʉ̂ʉดื้อdʉ̂ʉ1stubborn; obstinate; headstrong2naughty; disobedient3resistant (to treatment/control)ต่อdtɔ̀ɔต่อdtɔ̀ɔ1[to] continue; go on2per; each (rate/unit)3[to] connect; attach; join4[to] bargain; haggle5[to] renew; extendยาyaaยาyaa1medicine; medication2drug (narcotic/illicit)3chemical/agent4[to] caulk; sealต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toเปลี่ยนbplìianเปลี่ยนbplìian1[to] change; become different2[to] switch; replace; exchangeสูตรsùutสูตรsùut1recipe; set of instructions2formula; equation; expression3method; standard procedure4sutra; Buddhist discourseการรักษาgaan-rák-sǎaการรักษาgaan-rák-sǎa1medical treatment; therapy; medical care2preservation; maintenance; conservation3protection; safeguarding; keeping order4observance; adherence; keeping
His fever is unresponsive to the medication; the treatment regimen must be changed.
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เชื้อchʉ́ʉaบางชนิดbaang-chá-nítดื้อdʉ̂ʉต่อdtɔ̀ɔยาปฏิชีวนะyaa-bpà-dtì-chii-wá-náทำให้tam-hâiการรักษาgaan-rák-sǎaยืดเยื้อyʉ̂ʉt-yʉ́ʉaและlɛ́ซับซ้อนsáp-sɔ́ɔnขึ้นkʉ̂n
Some strains are resistant to antibiotics, making treatment more prolonged and complicated.
อาการไอaa-gaan-aiของkɔ̌ɔngผู้ป่วยpûu-bpùuaiรายนี้raai-níiดื้อdʉ̂ʉการควบคุมgaan-kûuap-kumต้องdtɔ̂ngใช้cháiวิธีwí-tiiประคับประคองbprà-káp-bprà-kɔɔngหลายอย่างlǎai-yàangร่วมกันrûuam-gan
This patient’s cough is refractory to control and requires multiple supportive methods in combination.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Falling tone
dʉ̂ʉ
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Mid class + Mai tho → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |