กุม
gumMeanings
1VerbB1
[to] grip; hold; clutch
to grasp and hold with the hand; to clutch
Examples
เธอtəəเธอtəə1you (informal; familiar)2she; herกุมมือgum-mʉʉกุมมือgum-mʉʉ[to] hold [sb] by the handฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)แน่นnɛ̂nแน่นnɛ̂n1tight; secure; firm2crowded; packed3uncomfortably full; bloated; tight4solid; reliable; certain (figurative)ตอนdtɔɔnตอนdtɔɔn1section; part2episode; chapter3when; at the time (of)4time segment; periodข้ามถนนkâam-tà-nǒnข้ามถนนkâam-tà-nǒn[to] cross the road
She grasped my hand tightly while crossing the street.
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ชายชราchaai-chá-raaกุมgumราวบันไดraao-ban-daiไว้wáiแน่นnɛ̂nเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaพยุงpá-yungตัวdtuuaลงlongจากjàakชั้นสองchán-sɔ̌ɔng
The elderly man clutched the handrail firmly to support himself down from the second floor.
He gripped the steering wheel tightly when the car slid on the wet road.
นักปีนเขาnák bpeen-kăoกุมgumหินhĭnก้อนgônเล็กๆlék lékด้วยdûuayปลายนิ้วbplaai níuแล้วláeoเหวี่ยงwìiangตัวdtuuaไปbpaiคว้าkwáaขอบkòpผาpăaอีกèekฝั่งfàng
The climber clutched a small hold with his fingertips and swung to grab the edge of the cliff on the other side.
2VerbB2
[to] control; command; hold (power)
to have control or decisive influence over [sth/sb], often power, position, or information
Examples
พรรคpákพรรคpák1political party2faction; group (organized)เก่าgàoเก่าgào1old; not new2former; previous3old-fashioned; outdatedกุมgumกุมgum1[to] grip; hold; clutch2[to] control; command; hold (power)อำนาจam-nâatอำนาจam-nâat1power; authority2jurisdiction; legal authority3influence4force; mightการเมืองgaan-mʉʉangการเมืองgaan-mʉʉang1politics; political affairs2politicking; power playsในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ท้องถิ่นtɔ́ɔng-tìnท้องถิ่นtɔ́ɔng-tìn1local; regional2the local area; localityมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerหลายlǎaiหลายlǎaimany; severalปีbpiiปีbpii1year2classifier: years
The old party has held political power in the locality for many years.
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ผู้จัดการฝ่ายpûu-jàt-gaan-fàaiการเงินgaan-ngənกุมgumข้อมูลkɔ̂ɔ-muunสำคัญsǎm-kanที่tîiมีผลต่อmii-pǒn-dtɔ̀ɔการตัดสินใจลงทุนgaan-dtàt-sǐn-jai-long-tun
The finance manager holds crucial information that affects investment decisions.
สื่อsʉ̀ʉใหญ่yàiไม่กี่mâi-gìiรายraaiกุมgumกระแสข่าวgrà-sɛ̌ɛ-kàaoจึงjʉngกำหนดgam-nòtวาระwaa-ráสังคมsǎng-komได้dâaiอย่างมีนัยสำคัญyàang-mii-nai-sǎm-kan
A few major media outlets control the news flow, thus significantly setting the public agenda.
เขาkǎoกุมgumตำแหน่งdtam-nɛ̀ngยุทธศาสตร์yút-tá-sàatในnaiองค์กรong-gɔɔnทำให้tam-hâiชี้นำchíi-namทิศtítทางธุรกิจtaang-tú-rá-gìtได้dâaiเหนือnʉ̌ʉaคู่แข่งkûu-kɛ̀ng
He holds strategic positions in the organization, enabling him to steer the business ahead of competitors.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
gum
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |