ผา
pǎaMeaning
1NounB1
cliff; precipice
A high, steep rock face or escarpment.
Examples
เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)เดินไปdəən-bpaiเดินไปdəən-bpai[to] walk to [somewhere]ถึงtʉ̌ngถึงtʉ̌ng1to; until; up to2[to] arrive; reach3to; toward (recipient/goal)4even if; even though5as much as; as many as; to the point of6about; concerning; regardingผาpǎaผาpǎacliff; precipiceสูงsǔungสูงsǔung1tall; high (physical height)2high (degree/level/price/rank)3up; to a high position4advanced; elevated (abstract)ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerตั้งตระหง่านdtâng-dtrà-ngàanตั้งตระหง่านdtâng-dtrà-ngàan1[to] tower; stand tall and imposing2towering; standing tall and imposingอยู่เหนือyùu-nʉ̌ʉaอยู่เหนือyùu-nʉ̌ʉa1[to] be above/over [sth]2[to] be north of [somewhere]; be in the North3[to] be above/beyond [sth] (figurative)ทะเลสาบtá-lee-sàapทะเลสาบtá-lee-sàaplake
We walked to a high cliff towering over the lake.
3 more examplesShow less
นักปีนเขาnák-bpiin-kǎoหยุดพักyùt-pákใต้dtâaiเงาngaoผาชันpǎa-chanก่อนจะgɔ̀ɔn-jàไต่dtàiต่อdtɔ̀ɔขึ้นไปkʉ̂n-bpai
The climbers rested under the shadow of the steep cliff before continuing the ascent.
หมู่บ้านmùu-bâanตั้งอยู่dtâng-yùuใกล้glâiผาpǎaสูงชันsǔung-chanซึ่งsʉ̂ngมองmɔɔngลงไปlong-bpaiเห็นhěnหุบเขาhùp-kǎoลึกlʉ́k
The village is located near a sheer cliff that overlooks a deep valley.
ลมแรงlom-rɛɛngพัดpátกระแทกหน้าgrà-tɛ̂ɛk-nâaผาpǎaทำให้tam-hâiเสียงคลื่นsǐiang-klʉ̂ʉnสะท้อนsà-tɔ́ɔnก้องgɔ̂ɔngจากjàakผาชันpǎa-chanราวกับraao-gàpกำแพงgam-pɛɛngหินhǐnมหึมาmá-hʉ̀-maa
Strong winds slammed against the rock face, making the waves echo off the sheer cliff like a gigantic stone wall.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableA long vowel with no final consonant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
pǎa
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |