สมาส
sà-màatMeaning
1NounC1
compounding; compound (Pali/Sanskrit type)
In Thai grammar, the formation of a compound from two or more Pali or Sanskrit words; also a compound formed in this way.
Examples
ครูkruuครูkruu1teacher2master; mentor (respectful)อธิบายà-tí-baaiอธิบายà-tí-baai[to] explain; clarifyว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeสมาสsà-màatสมาสsà-màatcompounding; compound (Pali/Sanskrit type)คือkʉʉคือkʉʉ1to be (definition/identification)2namely; that is; i.e.คำประสมkam-bprà-sǒmคำประสมkam-bprà-sǒmcompound wordที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerนำnamนำnam1[to] bring; take; lead2[to] lead; guide3[to] lead; be aheadคำkamคำkam1word; term2classifier for words/utterances3speech; saying; utteranceมารวมกันmaa-ruuam-ganมารวมกันmaa-ruuam-gan[to] come together; [to] gatherโดยdooiโดยdooi1by; via; through2in a ... way; -ly3according to; in accordance withไม่มีmâi-miiไม่มีmâi-mii1to not have; lack2there is/are not; does/do not exist3[reply] we don't have it; out of stockคำkamคำkam1word; term2classifier for words/utterances3speech; saying; utteranceเชื่อมchʉ̂ʉamเชื่อมchʉ̂ʉam1[to] connect; link2[to] weld; solder; braze3[to] sweeten with syrupเช่นchênเช่นchên1for example; such as2like; asธรรมชาติtam-má-châatธรรมชาติtam-má-châat1nature; the natural world2natural; inherent3character; dispositionและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)การศึกษาgaan-sʉ̀k-sǎaการศึกษาgaan-sʉ̀k-sǎa1education; schooling (system/process)2educational background; attainment3a study; research; investigation4education (academic field)
The teacher explained that samāsa is a compound formed by joining words without a linker, as in terms like ‘ธรรมชาติ’ and ‘การศึกษา’.
3 more examplesShow less
นักเรียนnák-riianต้องdtɔ̂ngแยกชนิดyɛ̂ɛk-chá-nítสมาสsà-màatจากjàakบาลีสันสกฤตbaa-lii-sǎn-sà-grìtโดยdooiดูduuโครงสร้างkroong-sâangและlɛ́ความสัมพันธ์kwaam-sǎm-panของkɔ̌ɔngส่วนประกอบsùuan-bprà-gɔ̀ɔp
Students must identify types of compounds from Pali-Sanskrit by examining the structure and relationships of the components.
ในnaiเชิงchəəngไวยากรณ์wai-yaa-gɔɔnไทยtaiสมาสsà-màatสะท้อนsà-tɔ́ɔnกลไกgon-gaiการยืมgaan-yʉʉmรูปrûupคำkamจากjàakภาษาบาลีสันสกฤตpaa-sǎa-baa-lii-sǎn-sà-grìtโดยdooiเว้นwénปัจจัยbpàt-jaiเชื่อมchʉ̂ʉamและlɛ́คงkongลำดับlam-dàpองค์ประกอบong-bprà-gɔ̀ɔpตามแบบแผนdtaam-bɛ̀ɛp-pɛ̌ɛnเดิมdəəm
In Thai grammar, samāsa reflects the mechanism of borrowing forms from Pali-Sanskrit by omitting interfixes and preserving the original order of components.
การgaanวิเคราะห์สมาสwí-krɔ́-sà-màatต้องdtɔ̂ngพิจารณาpí-jaa-rá-naaทั้งtángระดับrá-dàpมอร์โฟโลยีmɔɔ-foo-loo-yiiและlɛ́สัมพันธบทsǎm-pan-tá-bòtเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaแยกyɛ̂ɛkความหมายkwaam-mǎaiรวมruuamของkɔ̌ɔngคำประสมkam-bprà-sǒmออกจากɔ̀ɔk-jàakความหมายkwaam-mǎaiของkɔ̌ɔngองค์ongคำkamเดิมdəəm
Analyzing compounds requires considering both morphology and syntactic relations to distinguish the composite meaning from the meanings of the original elements.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is สมาส said สะ-หมาด?
sà-màat
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Low tone
sà
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
High class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |