ทับถม
táp-tǒmMeanings
1VerbB1
[to] pile up; [to] press down in layers
to accumulate or lie on top of [sth] in layers, adding weight or pressure; to cover repeatedly in layers
Examples
หิมะทับถมhì-má-táp-tǒmหิมะทับถมhì-má-táp-tǒm1accumulated snow; snow buildup2[to] accumulate; pile up (of snow)หลังคาlǎng-kaaหลังคาlǎng-kaaroofทั้งคืนtáng-kʉʉnทั้งคืนtáng-kʉʉn1all night; the whole night2the entire nightจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofหนาnǎaหนาnǎa1thick (not thin)2dense; in large quantity3thickly; denselyเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)ชั้นchánชั้นchán1floor; storey2shelf3grade; year (in school)4layer; tier5classifier for floors/layers/shelves/classes6class; rank; status
Snow piled up on the roof all night, forming thick layers.
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ตะกอนdtà-gɔɔnทรายsaaiทับถมtáp-tǒmก้นgônแม่น้ำmɛ̂ɛ-náamทำให้tam-hâiร่องน้ำrɔ̂ng-náamตื้นdtʉ̂ʉnขึ้นkʉ̂n
Layers of sand accumulate on the riverbed, making the channel shallower.
ใบไม้แห้งbai-máai-hɛ̂ɛngทับถมกันtáp-tǒm-ganในnaiสวนsǔuanจนjonต้องdtɔ̂ngกวาดgwàatออกɔ̀ɔkเป็นbpenกองใหญ่gɔɔng-yài
Dry leaves lie on top of each other in the garden, until they need to be swept into a big pile.
ขยะkà-yàที่têeทับถมtáp-tŏmเป็นชั้นๆbpen chán chánในnaiบ่อbòrฝังกลบfăng glòpสร้างแรงsâang raengกดทับgòt tápและláeก๊าซมีเทนgáas mee-taynตามมาdtaam maa
Waste that accumulates in layers in landfills creates pressure and results in methane gas.
2VerbB2
[to] reproach repeatedly; [to] add insult to injury
to criticize, blame, or heap reproach on someone repeatedly, especially when they are already in a bad situation
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillพลาดplâatพลาดplâat1[to] miss; fail to catch; fail to attend2[to] make a mistake; slip up3mistaken; in errorครั้งเดียวkráng-diiaoครั้งเดียวkráng-diiao1once; only once2a single time; one occurrence3one-time; single; occurring only onceแต่dtɛ̀ɛแต่dtɛ̀ɛ1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)คนรอบข้างkon-rɔ̂ɔp-kâangคนรอบข้างkon-rɔ̂ɔp-kâang1people nearby; those around (physically present)2immediate circle; close people around someoneกลับglàpกลับglàp1[to] return; go/come back2[to] turn over/flip/reverse3back; in return4contrary; on the contraryทับถมtáp-tǒmทับถมtáp-tǒm1[to] pile up; [to] press down in layers2[to] reproach repeatedly; [to] add insult to injuryไม่หยุดmâi-yùtไม่หยุดmâi-yùt1[to] not stop; keep going2non-stop; without stopping
He made one mistake, but people around him kept piling on criticism.
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อย่าเพิ่งyàa-pə̂ngทับถมtáp-tǒmเธอtəəเลยləəiตอนนี้dtɔɔn-níiเธอtəəก็gɔ̂ลำบากlam-bàakมากพอmâak-pɔɔแล้วlɛ́ɛo
Don’t heap blame on her; she’s already struggling enough.
แทนที่จะtɛɛn-tîi-jàช่วยchûuaiแก้ปัญหาgɛ̂ɛ-bpan-hǎaทุกคนtúk-konกลับglàpทับถมtáp-tǒmผู้จัดงานpûu-jàt-ngaanที่tîiถูกtùukกดดันgòt-danอยู่แล้วyùu-lɛ́ɛo
Instead of helping solve the problem, everyone kept reproaching the organizer who was already under pressure.
สื่อsʉ̀ʉบางbaangเจ้าjâaoเลือกlʉ̂ʉakทับถมtáp-tǒmนักกีฬาnák-gii-laaในnaiวันที่wan-tîiเขาkǎoพ่ายแพ้pâai-pɛ́ɛทั้งที่táng-tîiควรkuuanให้กำลังใจhâi-gam-lang-jaiมากกว่าmâak-gwàa
Some media outlets chose to heap reproach on the athlete on the day he lost, when they should have offered support.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableShort vowelEnds in -บ, a stop, so it is dead.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
táp
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + No tone mark + Dead syllable · Short vowel → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
ทับtápทับtáp1[to] overlap; lie on top of2[to] press down; crush; weigh down3overlapping; superposed4[to] overwrite; write over[to] overlap; lie on top ofPart 1
+
ถมtǒmถมtǒm1[to] fill (with earth; landfill)2abundant; in abundance3niello; nielloware4[to] heap up; pile up[to] fill (with earth; landfill)Part 2
ทับถมtáp-tǒmทับถมtáp-tǒm[to] pile up; [to] press down in layers[to] pile up; [to] press down in layersWord