ซม
somMeanings
1VerbB2
[to] languish; lie listless
To remain weak, inactive, or listless, especially because of illness or distress.
Examples
หลังlǎngหลังlǎng1back (of body)2rear; back (part)3behind; at the back of4after; later than5CL: bed; bed-like platform6CL: building; house; structureป่วยไข้bpùuai-kâiป่วยไข้bpùuai-kâi[to] be sick; be illเขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)5to; towardซมsomซมsom1[to] languish; lie listless2cm; centimeterอยู่yùuอยู่yùu1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remainบนbonบนbon1on; upon; in; above2upper; top3[to] vow (at a shrine)เตียงdtiiangเตียงdtiiang1bed (furniture)2CLF: beds; bed-like platforms3hospital bed/capacityไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂iไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂i1rarely; seldom; not often2not very; hardly (degree)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoแรงrɛɛngแรงrɛɛng1strong; intense; severe2force; strength; power3hard; strongly (adverbial use)4very; extremely (Southern Thai)ลุกlúkลุกlúk1[to] get up; rise (from sitting/lying)2[to] stand on end (of hair)3[to] burn; blaze; flare up
After being ill with a fever, he still lay listless in bed, with little strength to get up.
3 more examplesShow less
Since his grandmother passed away, he has been weak and low-spirited, speaking to no one.
เด็กน้อยdèk-nɔ́ɔiซมsomจากjàakไข้kâiหลายlǎaiวันwanแม้mɛ́ɛกินยาgin-yaaก็gɔ̂ยังyangอิดโรยìt-rooiและlɛ́ไม่mâiร่าเริงrâa-rəəng
The little child was listless from a fever for many days; even after taking medicine, he remained exhausted and cheerless.
เมื่อmêuuaความkwaamโศกถาโถมsòhk gà-tăa tŏhmเขาkăoก็gâwซมsomนิ่งnìngอยู่yòoข้างkâangกรอบรูปgròp rôopราวกับraao gàpหมดmòtเรี่ยวแรงrîao raengจะjàรับรู้ráp rúuอะไรà-rai
When grief overwhelmed him, he sat listless beside the picture frame, as if he had no strength to perceive anything.
2Noun
cm; centimeter
abbreviation of เซนติเมตรเซนติเมตรseen-dtì-méetcentimetre/centimeter (cm), a unit of length equal to one hundredth of a meter; normally written ซมซมsom1[to] languish; lie listless2cm; centimeter.
Examples
3 more examplesShow less
โต๊ะdtóตัวdtuuaนี้níiกว้างgwâang80เซนติเมตรseen-dtì-méetวางwaangตรงdtrongมุมmumห้องhɔ̂ngได้dâaiพอดีpɔɔ-dii
This table is 80 centimeters wide and fits perfectly in the corner of the room.
ช่วยchûuaiตัดขาdtàt-kǎaกางเกงgaang-geengให้hâiสั้นsânลงlong3เซนติเมตรseen-dtì-méetได้ไหมdâai-mǎiเพราะprɔ́ตอนนี้dtɔɔn-níiยาวyaaoไปหน่อยbpai-nɔ̀i
Could you shorten the trouser legs by 3 centimeters? They’re a little too long right now.
แม้mɛ́ɛตู้เย็นdtûu-yenจะมีjà-miiขนาดพอดีkà-nàat-pɔɔ-diiกับgàpช่องchɔ̂ngที่tîiเตรียมไว้dtriiam-wáiแต่dtɛ̀ɛคู่มือkûu-mʉʉระบุว่าrá-bù-wâaต้องdtɔ̂ngเว้นระยะwén-rá-yáด้านหลังdâan-lǎngอย่างน้อยyàang-nɔ́ɔi10เซนติเมตรseen-dtì-méetเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaระบายความร้อนrá-baai-kwaam-rɔ́ɔn
Although the refrigerator fits the space provided, the manual specifies that at least 10 centimeters of clearance must be left behind it for heat dissipation.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
som
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |