โฟนีม

foo-niim

Meaning

1NounC1

phoneme

The smallest unit of sound in a language that can make one word different in meaning from another.

Examples

เสียงsǐiangเสียงsǐiang1sound; noise2voice3vote4tone; timbre5phonetic toneต้นdtônต้นdtôn1tree; plant2beginning; early3origin; source; root cause4stem; trunk; stalk; base5classifier: trees; plants; poles6initial; primary (as prefix)ของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsคำว่าkam-wâaคำว่าkam-wâathe word/term (introductory marker)ปาbpaaปาbpaa[to] throw; fling; hurlและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)มาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)คนละkon-láคนละkon-lá1each; per person2apiece; each; per person3separate; different (for each)โฟนีมfoo-niimโฟนีมfoo-niimphonemeเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaเมื่อmʉ̂ʉa1when; at the time that2at; in; on (with time expressions)เปลี่ยนเสียงbplìian-sǐiangเปลี่ยนเสียงbplìian-sǐiang[to] change one's voice; alter a soundนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ความหมายkwaam-mǎaiความหมายkwaam-mǎai1meaning; sense; definition2significance; implicationของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsคำkamคำkam1word; term2classifier for words/utterances3speech; saying; utteranceก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerเปลี่ยนไปbplìian-bpaiเปลี่ยนไปbplìian-bpai[to] change; become different
The initial sounds in the Thai words for 'throw' and 'come' are different phonemes, because changing that sound changes the word's meaning.
3 more examples

Tones

See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.

2 syllables · pick one to see its rule

How the tone is decided

  1. Consonant classLow class
  2. Tone markNo tone mark
  3. Syllable endingLive syllableA long vowel with no final consonant, so it is live.

Low class consonants

คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ

Result

Mid tone

foo

Level, in your normal speaking voice.

Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid

Tone chart

Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.

Mid classHigh classLow class
No mark + liveMidRisingMid
No mark + dead shortLowLowHigh
No mark + dead longLowLowFalling
Mai ekLowLowFalling
Mai thoFallingFallingHigh
Mai triHigh——
Mai chattawaRising——
Work out any syllable's tone in the tone calculator