มุมานะ
mú-maa-náMeanings
1NounB2
perseverance; dogged determination (formal)
strong, sustained determination and effort to achieve something despite obstacles (formal/literary)
Examples
เธอtəəเธอtəə1you (informal; familiar)2she; herเรียนriianเรียนriian1[to] study; learn2[to] take (a course/subject)3[to] respectfully inform; address (formal)ซ้ำsámซ้ำsám1again; repeatedly2[to] repeat; do again3duplicate; repeated; identical4on top of that; moreover (worsening)บทbòtบทbòt1chapter; section2lesson (unit of study)3role; part (acting)4script/text; lyrics5classifier for stanzas, chapters, and lessons6clause; provision (law/regulation)7role; duty; function8stanzaเดิมdəəmเดิมdəəm1original; initial2former; previous3as before; originally; same as beforeด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooความมุมานะkwaam-mú-maa-náความมุมานะkwaam-mú-maa-náperseverance; diligenceจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] do; carry out (work)5[to] cause; makeข้อkɔ̂ɔข้อkɔ̂ɔ1item; point; clause2classifier: items/points/clauses/questions3joint (anatomy)4condition; term5node; joint; segment (botany/zoology)สอบผ่านsɔ̀ɔp-pàanสอบผ่านsɔ̀ɔp-pàan1[to] pass (an exam, test, screening); meet the standard2having passed; qualifiedในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ครั้งkrángครั้งkráng1time; occasion; instance2classifier for occurrences or timesต่อมาdtɔ̀ɔ-maaต่อมาdtɔ̀ɔ-maalater; afterwards; subsequently
She studied the same material with determination until she passed the exam the next time.
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เขาkǎoมุมานะmú-maa-náฝึกซ้อมfʉ̀k-sɔ́ɔmทุกวันtúk-wanแม้mɛ́ɛเจ็บjèpกล้ามเนื้อglâam-nʉ́ʉaก็gɔ̂ไม่mâiยอมถอยyɔɔm-tɔ̌ɔi
He persevered in training every day and refused to back down even when his muscles were sore.
ด้วยdûuaiความมุมานะkwaam-mú-maa-náยิ่งyîngเขาkǎoฝ่าfàaความล้มเหลวkwaam-lóm-lěeoซ้ำแล้วซ้ำเล่าsám-lɛ́ɛo-sám-lâoจนjonตั้งdtângบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtของkɔ̌ɔngตนเองdton-eengได้dâai
With great perseverance, he overcame repeated failures until he could establish his own company.
นักวิจัยnák-wí-jaiทีมtiimนี้níiมุมานะmú-maa-náสืบsʉ̀ʉpค้นข้อมูลkón-kɔ̂ɔ-muunนานnaanหลายlǎaiปีbpiiกว่าจะgwàa-jàได้dâaiข้อสรุปkɔ̂ɔ-sà-rùpที่tîiเชื่อถือได้chʉ̂ʉa-tʉ̌ʉ-dâai
This research team worked with enduring determination for many years before reaching a reliable conclusion.
2VerbB2
[to] persevere; strive with determination (formal)
to make sustained, determined efforts toward a goal despite difficulties (formal/literary)
Examples
แม้mɛ́ɛแม้mɛ́ɛ1even if; although; even though2evenเจอjəəเจอjəə1[to] meet; run into2[to] find; come across3[to] face; experienceโจทย์jòotโจทย์jòot1problem; exercise; question (esp. math/school)2prompt; brief; guiding questionยากyâakยากyâak1difficult; hard2unlikely; hard to imagine happening3poor; impoverished (dated/formal)เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)5to; towardมุมานะmú-maa-náมุมานะmú-maa-ná1perseverance; dogged determination (formal)2[to] persevere; strive with determination (formal)ทำวิจัยtam-wí-jaiทำวิจัยtam-wí-jai[to] conduct/do researchให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)เสร็จsètเสร็จsèt1finished; done2[to] finish; be done3done for; screwed (slang)4[to] reach orgasm; come (informal, euphemistic)ตามdtaamตามdtaam1[to] follow; go after2according to; in accordance with3after; behind; in pursuit of4[to] comply with; abide by; obey5along; along (a path); following (direction)6[to] send for; fetch [sb]7[to] light; kindle (literary)เป้าหมายbpâo-mǎaiเป้าหมายbpâo-mǎai1goal; target; aim2target (literal)
Even when facing tough problems, he keeps striving to finish the research as planned.
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เธอtəəมุมานะmú-maa-náฝึกซ้อมfʉ̀k-sɔ́ɔmทุกวันtúk-wanจนjonผ่านpàanการคัดเลือกgaan-kát-lʉ̂ʉakเข้าkâoทีมชาติtiim-châat
She made determined efforts to train every day, never giving up despite exhaustion and discouragement, until she made the national team.
พ่อpɔ̂ɔมุมานะmú-maa-náทำงานtam-ngaanสองsɔ̌ɔngที่tîiแม้mɛ́ɛสุขภาพsùk-kà-pâapไม่mâiอำนวยam-nuuaiเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiลูกlûukได้dâaiเรียนต่อriian-dtɔ̀ɔมหาวิทยาลัยmá-hǎa-wít-tá-yaa-lai
Father toils at two jobs, despite poor health, so that his child can attend university.
ทีมวิจัยtiim-wí-jaiมุมานะmú-maa-náฝ่าfàaข้อจำกัดkɔ̂ɔ-jam-gàtด้านdâanงบประมาณngóp-bprà-maanและlɛ́เวลาwee-laaจนjonพัฒนาpát-tá-naaเครื่องต้นkrʉ̂ʉang-dtônแบบbɛ̀ɛpได้สำเร็จdâai-sǎm-rèt
The research team persevered through budget and time constraints and eventually developed a prototype.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
3 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableShort vowelA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
mú
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + No tone mark + Dead syllable · Short vowel → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
+
มานะmaa-náมานะmaa-ná1perseverance; diligence; effort2conceit; pride (Buddhism)perseverance; diligence; effortPart 2
มุมานะmú-maa-náมุมานะmú-maa-náperseverance; dogged determination (formal)perseverance; dogged determination (formal)Word