พรมแดน
prom-dɛɛnMeanings
1NounA2
border; frontier
a boundary line or zone separating one country or territory from another
Examples
ประเทศไทยbprà-têet-taiประเทศไทยbprà-têet-taiThailandมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoพรมแดนprom-dɛɛnพรมแดนprom-dɛɛn1border; frontier2border area3boundary (figurative)ติดกับdtìt-gàpติดกับdtìt-gàp1next to; adjacent to2[to] be attached/stuck to3[to] be caught in a trap; fall for a trickลาวlaaoลาวlaao1Laos; Lao (relating to Laos)2Lao person; Laotian3Lao language4rustic; unsophisticated (slang, can be derogatory)และlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)กัมพูชาgam-puu-chaaกัมพูชาgam-puu-chaa1Cambodia (country; proper name)2Cambodian (related to Cambodia)
Thailand shares a border with Laos and Cambodia.
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เมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waanเราraoเดินทางdəən-taangถึงtʉ̌ngพรมแดนprom-dɛɛnแล้วlɛ́ɛoตรวจdtrùuatหนังสือเดินทางnǎng-sʉ̌ʉ-dəən-taang
Yesterday we arrived at the border and had our passports checked.
Next week I will drive across the border to Malaysia.
หมู่บ้านmùu-bâanนี้níiตั้งอยู่dtâng-yùuใกล้glâiพรมแดนprom-dɛɛnจึงjʉngมีmiiด่านตรวจdàan-dtrùuatและlɛ́เจ้าหน้าที่jâao-nâa-tîiคอยkɔɔiดูแลduu-lɛɛอยู่เสมอyùu-sà-mə̌ə
This village is near the border, so there are checkpoints and officials on duty regularly.
2NounB1
border area
the region adjacent to an international boundary
Examples
เมืองmeuuangเมืองmeuuang1city; town; urban area2country; state; nation3region; realm (historical)เล็กๆlék lékเล็กๆlék lék1small; little; tiny (softened by reduplication)2slightly; a littleแถบtàepแถบtàep1strip; band; bar2region; zone; areaพรมแดนprom daenพรมแดนprom daen1border; frontier2border area3boundary (figurative)มีmeeมีmee1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoตลาดdtà-làatตลาดdtà-làat1market; marketplace2market (economic demand/sector)3popular; mainstream (colloq.)ที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerคนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: people3[to] stir; mix by stirringจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmสองsŏngสองsŏng1two; 22secondประเทศbprà-tâetประเทศbprà-tâetcountry; nation; stateมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerซื้อขายséu kăaiซื้อขายséu kăai1[to] buy and sell; trade2trading; commerce; transaction3contract of saleกันganกันgan1together; together with2each other; one another (post-verb marker)3[to] prevent; keep [sth] out; ward off; block4protective; resistant to; -proof5I; me (informal, male speech)6[to] set aside; reserve; earmarkทุกเช้าtúk cháoทุกเช้าtúk cháoevery morning
The small town near the border region has a market where people from both countries trade every morning.
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เราraoไปเที่ยวbpai-tîiaoพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiพรมแดนprom-dɛɛnที่tîiมีmiiจุดตรวจjùt-dtrùuatและlɛ́ร้านráanอาหารท้องถิ่นaa-hǎan-tɔ́ɔng-tìnอยู่ติดกันyùu-dtìt-gan
We visited the border area where there are checkpoints and local restaurants next to each other.
ชุมชนchum-chonแถบtɛ̀ɛpพรมแดนprom-dɛɛnนี้níiพูดpûutได้dâaiสองsɔ̌ɔngภาษาpaa-sǎaเพราะprɔ́มีmiiคนkonข้ามkâamไปมาbpai-maaทุกวันtúk-wan
The community in this border region is bilingual because people cross back and forth every day.
รัฐบาลrát-tà-baanประกาศbprà-gàatพัฒนาpát-tá-naaพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiพรมแดนprom-dɛɛnให้hâiเป็นbpenเขตเศรษฐกิจพิเศษkèet-sèet-tà-gìt-pí-sèetเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaส่งเสริมsòng-sə̌əmการค้าgaan-káaและlɛ́การท่องเที่ยวgaan-tɔ̂ɔng-tîiaoข้ามชาติkâam-châat
The government announced the development of the border region into a special economic zone to promote cross-border trade and tourism.
3NounB2
boundary (figurative)
a figurative limit or edge of a field, knowledge, or activity
Examples
โครงการวิจัยkroong-gaan-wí-jaiโครงการวิจัยkroong-gaan-wí-jairesearch projectนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)พยายามpá-yaa-yaamพยายามpá-yaa-yaam[to] try; attemptผลักplàkผลักplàk1[to] push2[to] drive; impel (figurative)3[to] shift; offload (figurative)พรมแดนprom-dɛɛnพรมแดนprom-dɛɛn1border; frontier2border area3boundary (figurative)ความรู้kwaam-rúuความรู้kwaam-rúuknowledge; learning; understandingด้านdâanด้านdâan1side; face (surface)2classifier: sides/faces/aspects3field; area; aspect4calloused; hardened; matte5toward; on the side of6dud; failing to fire or explodeพลังงานสะอาดpá-lang-ngaan-sà-àatพลังงานสะอาดpá-lang-ngaan-sà-àatclean energy; low-emission energyให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)กว้างขึ้นgwâang-kʉ̂nกว้างขึ้นgwâang-kʉ̂n1wider2[to] become wider3more broadly
This research project tries to push the frontiers of knowledge in clean energy further.
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ศิลปินsǐn-lá-bpinรุ่นใหม่rûn-màiกำลังgam-langสำรวจพรมแดนsǎm-rùuat-prom-dɛɛnใหม่màiของkɔ̌ɔngศิลปะsǐn-lá-bpàดิจิทัลdì-jì-tâl
Young artists are exploring new frontiers of digital art.
ปัญญาประดิษฐ์bpan-yaa-bprà-dìtอยู่ที่yùu-tîiพรมแดนprom-dɛɛnของkɔ̌ɔngเทคโนโลยีสมัยใหม่ték-noo-loo-yii-sà-mǎi-màiและlɛ́ท้าทายtáa-taaiกรอบความคิดgrɔ̀ɔp-kwaam-kítเดิมdəəm
Artificial intelligence is at the frontier of modern technology and challenges existing mindsets.
เราraoควรkuuanก้าวgâaoข้ามพรมแดนkâam-prom-dɛɛnความกลัวkwaam-gluuaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเข้าถึงkâo-tʉ̌ngการเรียนรู้gaan-riian-rúuรูปแบบrûup-bɛ̀ɛpใหม่màiที่tîiสร้างสรรค์sâang-sǎnกว่าgwàaเดิมdəəm
We should cross the frontier of fear to access newer and more creative forms of learning.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow classConsonant clusterIn the cluster พร, the first consonant พ sets the class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
prom
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
+
แดนdɛɛnแดนdɛɛn1land; territory; country (literary)2realm; domain (figurative)3border; frontierland; territory; country (literary)Part 2
พรมแดนprom-dɛɛnพรมแดนprom-dɛɛnborder; frontierborder; frontierWord