เนิ่น
nə̂ənMeanings
1AdverbB2
early; well in advance
With plenty of time to spare before something is due or needed; usually used in the reduplicated form เนิ่นเนิ่นnə̂ən1early; well in advance2for a long time; long elapsed ๆ.
Examples
ฉันchănฉันchăn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)3like; as (in the manner of)ไปถึงbpai tĕungไปถึงbpai tĕung1[to] arrive at; get to; reach (a place)2[to] reach; extend to (level/amount/scope)3[to] reach; be delivered to (sb/sth)สนามบินsà-năam binสนามบินsà-năam binairportตั้งdtângตั้งdtâng1[to] place upright; stand; erect2as much as; as many as3[to] set up; establish; found4[to] appoint; nominate5[to] set; fix (value, rule, goal)6stack; pile; bundle7[to] aim; focus (eyes, mind)8[to] allocate; earmark (funds)9classifier: stacks; pilesแต่เนิ่นๆdtàe nêrn nêrnแต่เนิ่นๆdtàe nêrn nêrnwell in advance; early onเพื่อpêuuaเพื่อpêuua1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofจะได้jà dâaiจะได้jà dâai1so that; in order that; that way2will be able to; get to; come to3then; so (result in instructions/explanations)เช็กอินchék inเช็กอินchék in1[to] check in (hotel/flight/event)2[to] check in (social media)แบบbàepแบบbàep1style; type; kind; manner2classifier for types, styles, or designs3model; pattern; design; template4form; questionnaire5model; person posing6in a ... way; -ly (pre-head adverbial marker)ไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)รีบเร่งréep rêngรีบเร่งréep rêng1hurried; urgent; rushed2[to] hurry; rush; expedite
I arrived at the airport early so I could check in without rushing.
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เราraoส่งsòngรายงานraai-ngaanตั้งdtângแต่เนิ่นๆdtàe nêrn nêrnเพื่อให้pêuua hâiครูkruuมีmeeเวลาway-laaตรวจdtrùuat
We submitted the report early so the teacher would have time to review it.
ถ้าtâaเริ่มrêrmเตรียมdtriiamงานngaanตั้งแต่dtâng dtàeวันนี้wan néeเราraoจะjàเสร็จsètตั้งdtângแต่เนิ่นๆdtàe nêrn nêrnและláeมีmeeเวลาway-laaปรับแก้bpràp gâeรายละเอียดraai-lá-ìiat
If we start preparing today, we'll finish early and have time to revise the details.
เขาkăoจองตั๋วเครื่องบินjong dtŭua krêuuang binตั้งdtângแต่เนิ่นๆdtàe nêrn nêrnเพื่อpêuuaจะได้jà dâaiราคาถูกraa-kaa tòokและláeเลือกlêuuakที่นั่งtêe nângที่ต้องการtêe dtông gaan
He booked the plane ticket early to get a cheaper price and choose the seat he wanted.
2AdverbB2
for a long time; long elapsed
Indicates that a long time has passed; often used in set phrases such as เนิ่นนานเนิ่นนานnə̂ən-naan1long-lasting; prolonged2for a long time; for ages.
Examples
เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)รอrɔɔรอrɔɔ[to] waitเขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; she; him; her2they; them (context-dependent)3horn4mountain; hillมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerเนิ่นนานnə̂ən-naanเนิ่นนานnə̂ən-naan1long-lasting; prolonged2for a long time; for agesจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofร้านráanร้านráan1shop; store2restaurant; eatery3booth; stallปิดbpìtปิดbpìt1[to] close; shut2[to] turn off; switch off3closed; shut; not open4[to] cover; seal5[to] block; conceal; suppress; withhold
We waited for him for a long time until the shop closed.
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เรื่องrʉ̂ʉangนี้níiคาราคาซังkaa-raa-kaa-sangมาmaaเนิ่นนานnə̂ən-naanไม่มีmâi-miiใครkraiกล้าglâaตัดสินใจdtàt-sǐn-jai
This issue has dragged on for a long time, and no one dares to decide.
เขาkǎoห่างหายhàang-hǎaiจากjàakบ้านเกิดbâan-gə̀ətมาmaaเนิ่นนานnə̂ən-naanจนjonความทรงจำkwaam-song-jamเริ่มrə̂əmเลือนลางlʉʉan-laang
He has been away from his hometown for a long time, until his memories have begun to fade.
ปัญหาbpan-hǎaนี้níiฝังรากfǎng-râakมาmaaเนิ่นนานnə̂ən-naanจึงjʉngต้องdtɔ̂ngใช้เวลาchái-wee-laaและlɛ́ความร่วมมือkwaam-rûuam-mʉʉจึงjʉngจะjàแก้ไขgɛ̂ɛ-kǎiได้dâai
This problem has been entrenched for a long time, so it will take time and cooperation to solve.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai ek
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Falling tone
nə̂ən
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Low class + Mai ek → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |