เกรง
greengMeanings
1VerbB1
[to] fear; be apprehensive (often with deference)
To feel fear or apprehension, often with a sense of respect or deference toward a person, rule, or situation; to be afraid of.
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillเกรงgreengเกรงgreeng1[to] fear; be apprehensive (often with deference)2[to] be concerned that ...; fear that ...ครูkruuครูkruu1teacher2master; mentor (respectful)3classifier: คน; ท่าน (respectful)มากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedตั้งใจdtâng-jaiตั้งใจdtâng-jai1[to] intend; mean to2[to] be determined; resolve3[to] pay close attention; concentrate4intentionally; on purposeทำการบ้านtam-gaan-bâanทำการบ้านtam-gaan-bâan1[to] do homework2[to] prepare oneself; [to] do researchทุกวันtúk-wanทุกวันtúk-wan1every day; daily2daily; occurring every day
He respects and fears the teacher, so he does his homework every day.
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เด็กๆdèk dèkเกรงgrengกฎgòtของkŏngสนามsà-năamจึงjeungต่อคิวdtòr kiuเล่นlênอย่างyàangเป็นระเบียบbpen rá-bìiap
The children are fearful of the field rules, so they line up to play in an orderly manner.
ฉันchǎnเกรงgreengหัวหน้าhǔua-nâaมากmâakเพราะprɔ́ท่านtânเข้มงวดkêm-ngûuatและlɛ́ยึดyʉ́tระเบียบrá-bìiapเป๊ะbpé
I am apprehensive of the boss because he is strict and adheres closely to rules.
ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanเกรงgreengอำนาจam-nâatกฎหมายgòt-mǎaiจึงjʉngยอมyɔɔmรื้อถอนrʉ́ʉ-tɔ̌ɔnสิ่งปลูกสร้างsìng-bplùuk-sâangที่tîiรุกล้ำrúk-lámโดยดีdooi-dii
The villagers feared the authority of the law, so they willingly dismantled the encroaching structures.
2VerbB1
[to] be concerned that ...; fear that ...
Used to express concern or fear that something undesirable might happen (often followed by ว่าว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2[to] think; consider; deem3[to] scold; reproach; criticize4that (clause marker)).
Examples
ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)เกรงว่าgreeng-wâaเกรงว่าgreeng-wâaI'm afraid that; I fear thatเราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ไปถึงbpai-tʉ̌ngไปถึงbpai-tʉ̌ng1[to] arrive at; get to; reach (a place)2[to] reach; extend to (level/amount/scope)3[to] reach; be delivered to (sb/sth)งานngaanงานngaan1work; job; employment2task; assignment; duty3event; fair; function4work (product); creation5unit (classifier) for events6work (physics)ไม่ทันmâi-tanไม่ทันmâi-tan1not in time; too late2[to] miss [sth]; fail to be in time (for [sth])3[to] not keep up (with [sb]/[sth]); be outpaced4[to] not get the chance to (do [sth])ถ้าtâaถ้าtâaif; in caseรถติดrót-dtìtรถติดrót-dtìt1traffic jam; congestion2[to] have heavy traffic; be congested
I’m afraid we won’t make it to the event on time if there’s traffic.
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เขาkǎoเกรงว่าgreeng-wâaโปรเจกต์bproo-jèekจะjàล่าช้าlâa-cháaเพราะprɔ́ข้อมูลkɔ̂ɔ-muunยังyangไม่mâiครบkróp
He is concerned that the project will be delayed because the data is still incomplete.
Mom is worried that it will rain heavily, so she told me to bring an umbrella.
คณะทำงานká-ná-tam-ngaanเกรงว่าgreeng-wâaจะjàเกิดgə̀ətความเข้าใจผิดkwaam-kâo-jai-pìtหากhàakประกาศbprà-gàatโดยdooiไม่mâiชี้แจงchíi-jɛɛngรายละเอียดraai-lá-ìiatให้hâiชัดเจนchát-jeen
The working group is concerned that misunderstandings may arise if the announcement is made without clearly explaining the details.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid classConsonant clusterIn the cluster กร, the first consonant ก sets the class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ง, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
greeng
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |