ลำเค็ญ
lam-kenMeaning
1AdjectiveC1
destitute; miserable
experiencing severe hardship, extreme poverty, or misery
Examples
ชีวิตchii-wítชีวิตchii-wít1life (state of being alive)2life (one’s life; way of living)3lifetime; lifespanในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)วัยเด็กwai-dèkวัยเด็กwai-dèkchildhoodของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎohis; hers; theirsลำเค็ญlam-kenลำเค็ญlam-kendestitute; miserableมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toทำงานหนักtam-ngaan-nàkทำงานหนักtam-ngaan-nàk1[to] work hard2[to] be under heavy loadเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofหาเงินhǎa-ngənหาเงินhǎa-ngən[to] earn money; [to] make moneyมาส่งmaa-sòngมาส่งmaa-sòng1[to] see [sb] off; [to] drop [sb] off2[to] deliver [sth]ตัวเองdtuua-eengตัวเองdtuua-eeng1oneself; myself; yourself; themselves2you (intimate)3self; one's own selfเรียนriianเรียนriian1[to] study; learn2[to] respectfully inform; address (formal)
His childhood was full of hardship; he had to work hard to earn money to put himself through school.
3 more examplesShow less
แม้mɛ́ɛจะjàเติบโตdtə̀əp-dtooมาmaaในnaiสภาพแวดล้อมsà-pâap-wɛ̂ɛt-lɔ́ɔmที่tîiยากyâakลำเค็ญlam-kenแต่dtɛ̀ɛเขาkǎoก็gɔ̂สามารถsǎa-mâatสร้างเนื้อสร้างตัวsâang-nʉ́ʉa-sâang-dtuuaจนjonประสบความสำเร็จbprà-sòp-kwaam-sǎm-rètได้dâai
Despite growing up in an extremely impoverished environment, he managed to establish himself and become successful.
สงครามsǒng-kraamที่tîiยืดเยื้อyʉ̂ʉt-yʉ́ʉaยาวนานyaao-naanได้dâaiทิ้งร่องรอยtíng-rɔ̂ng-rɔɔiแห่งhɛ̀ngความkwaamลำเค็ญlam-kenไว้wáiให้แก่hâi-gɛ̀ɛประชาชนbprà-chaa-chonผู้บริสุทธิ์pûu-bɔɔ-rí-sùtนับล้านnáp-láanคนkon
The prolonged war has left a trail of extreme misery for millions of innocent citizens.
วรรณกรรมwan-ná-gamสะท้อนsà-tɔ́ɔnสังคมsǎng-komเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangนี้níiตีแผ่dtii-pɛ̀ɛชีวิตchii-wítอันanแสนsɛ̌ɛnลำเค็ญlam-kenของkɔ̌ɔngชนชั้นกรรมาชีพchon-chán-gan-maa-chîipที่tîiถูกtùukกดขี่gòt-kìiมาmaaอย่างยาวนานyàang-yaao-naan
This social realist literature exposes the severely destitute lives of the working class who have been oppressed for a long time.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is ลำเค็ญ said ลัม-เค็ญ?
lam-ken
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableThe vowel ำ hides a final -ม, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
lam
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |