ปฐม

bpà-tŏm

Meanings

1NounB1

first; initial; primary

First in order or time; earliest or initial.

Examples

วันนั้นwan nánวันนั้นwan nánthat dayเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4[to] be + set expressionsครั้งkrángครั้งkráng1classifier for occurrences or times2time; occasion; instance3turn (one’s turn to do something)ปฐมbpà-tŏmปฐมbpà-tŏm1first; initial; primary2elementary; basic; foundational3first (in compounds)ที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2that/which/who (relative marker)3at; in; to (before place/recipient)4when; the time that (time marker)5ordinal/degree marker6classifier: place/seat/slotเราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)เจอกันjer ganเจอกันjer gan1[!] see you; see you later2[to] meet each other; meet up
That day was the first time we met.
2NounB2

elementary; basic; foundational

Relating to the earliest or most basic stage; foundational level (e.g., ปฐมศึกษาปฐมศึกษาbpà-tŏm sèuk-săaprimary education; elementary school (Thailand P1–P6) ‘primary education’).

Examples

หลักสูตรlàk-sòotหลักสูตรlàk-sòot1curriculum2program; course (of study)3syllabus outline (institutional)ปฐมศึกษาbpà-tŏm sèuk-săaปฐมศึกษาbpà-tŏm sèuk-săaprimary education; elementary school (Thailand P1–P6)มุ่งmûngมุ่งmûng1[to] head for; proceed toward2[to] aim at; focus on; be intent onสร้างsâangสร้างsâang1[to] build; construct2[to] create; produce3[to] establish; found4[to] generate; developพื้นฐานpĕun tăanพื้นฐานpĕun tăan1basic; fundamental2foundation; basis3background (knowledge/education)4elementary; introductory (level)การอ่านเขียนgaan àan kĭianการอ่านเขียนgaan àan kĭian1reading and writing2literacyและláeและláeand (coordinating)คำนวณkam-nuuanคำนวณkam-nuuan1[to] calculate; compute2[to] estimate; figure
The primary education curriculum aims to build foundational reading, writing, and arithmetic skills.
3NounB2

first (in compounds)

Used in compounds to mean ‘first’ or ‘primary’ (e.g., ปฐมเหตุปฐมเหตุbpà-tŏm-hètfirst cause; root cause; prime cause ‘primary cause’; ปฐมวัยปฐมวัยbpà-tŏm-waiearly childhood; preschool age ‘early childhood’).

Examples

นักวิชาการnák wí-chaa gaanนักวิชาการnák wí-chaa gaan1an academic; scholar2subject‑matter expert; policy/field specialistอธิบายà-tí-baaiอธิบายà-tí-baai1[to] interpret; expound2[to] explain; clarifyปฐมเหตุbpà-tŏm-hètปฐมเหตุbpà-tŏm-hètfirst cause; root cause; prime causeของkŏngของkŏng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsปัญหาbpan-hăaปัญหาbpan-hăa1problem; issue2question (for discussion)เศรษฐกิจsèht-tà-gìtเศรษฐกิจsèht-tà-gìt1economy2economic conditions; the economyว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell; say that2[to] think; consider; deem3that (clause marker)4about; regarding5[to] scold; reproach; criticizeเริ่มrêrmเริ่มrêrm1[to] start; begin2[to] start to; begin toจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart (literary/formal)3parting; separation (literary)หนี้nêeหนี้nêedebt; liabilityครัวเรือนkruua reuuanครัวเรือนkruua reuuanhouseholdสูงsŏongสูงsŏong1tall; high (physical height)2high (degree/level/price/rank)3advanced; elevated (abstract)4up; to a high position
The scholar explained the primary cause of the economic problem as originating from high household debt.

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