ก้ำ
gâmMeaning
1AdjectiveC1
side; direction (dialectal)
A side, direction, or region, especially in Northern and Northeastern Thai usage.
Examples
ยายyaaiยายyaai1grandmother (maternal)2old woman (informal; can be rude)บอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâa1[to] say/tell that; report/declare that2[of text/sign] say/indicate thatบ้านbâanบ้านbâan1house; home2home (family unit)3village; hometown4classifier: หลัง5domestic; domesticated; cultivatedลุงlungลุงlung1uncle (older brother of either parent)2older man (form of address)อยู่yùuอยู่yùu1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remainก้ำgâmก้ำgâmside; direction (dialectal)เหนือnʉ̌ʉaเหนือnʉ̌ʉa1north; the North2northern3above; over4superior to; aboveของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsหมู่บ้านmùu-bâanหมู่บ้านmùu-bâan1village; hamlet2housing estate; gated communityถ้าtâaถ้าtâaif; in caseเดินdəənเดินdəən1[to] walk; go on foot2[to] proceed; go; move along3[to] run; operate (machine/system)4[to] run; operate; keep runningจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmวัดwátวัดwát1to measure2Buddhist temple3to gauge; assessไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already past5too; excessivelyก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerไม่ไกลmâi-glaiไม่ไกลmâi-glainot far; near
Grandma said that my uncle's house is on the northern side of the village, not far on foot from the temple.
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ช่วงchûuangน้ำหลากnáam-làakคนkonที่อยู่tîi-yùuก้ำgâmใต้dtâaiของkɔ̌ɔngหมู่บ้านmùu-bâanต้องdtɔ̂ngย้ายไปyáai-bpaiพักpákกับgàpญาติyâatเพราะprɔ́บริเวณbɔɔ-rí-weenนั้นnánเป็นที่bpen-tîiลุ่มlûm
During the floods, people on the southern side of the village have to stay with relatives because that area is low-lying.
ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanก้ำgâmเหนือnʉ̌ʉaกับgàpก้ำgâmใต้dtâaiเคยkəəiขัดแย้งกันkàt-yɛ́ɛng-ganเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangน้ำnáamแต่dtɛ̀ɛพอpɔɔมีmiiการgaanตกลงdtòk-longแบ่งเวลาbɛ̀ng-wee-laaใช้cháiน้ำnáamอย่างเป็นธรรมyàang-bpen-tamความบาดหมางkwaam-bàat-mǎangก็gɔ̂ค่อยkɔ̂iคลี่คลายklîi-klaaiลงlong
Villagers on the northern and southern sides used to clash over water, but once they agreed on a fair schedule for using it, the hostility gradually subsided.
แม้máeถนนtà-nŏnสายsăaiใหม่màiจะjàทำให้tam hâiหมู่บ้านmòo bâanขยายออกไปkà-yăai òk bpaiมากmâakผู้เฒ่าผู้แก่pôo tâo pôo gàeก็gâwยังyangเรียกrîakพื้นที่púen têeแต่ละdtàe láก้ำgâmตามdtaamชื่อchêuทุ่งนาtûng naaเดิมdermราวกับraao gàpภูมิประเทศpoom-bprà-têetในnaiความทรงจำkwaam song jamไม่เคยmâi koieเปลี่ยนไปbplìian bpai
Although the new road has allowed the village to expand considerably, the elders still refer to each area by the names of the former rice fields, as though the landscape in their memories had never changed.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Falling tone
gâm
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Mid class + Mai tho → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |