ล้วนๆ
lúuan-lúuanMeanings
1AdjectiveB1
only; all; unmixed
Entirely of one kind, with nothing else included or mixed in.
Examples
เสื้อsêuuaเสื้อsêuua1shirt; top2jacket; coat3classifier: ตัวตัวdtuuaตัวdtuua1body; self; person (colloq.)2classifier: animals, garments, furniture, certain items; people (informal)3character; figureนี้néeนี้née1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ทำจากtam jàakทำจากtam jàak1[to] be made of/from [sth]2[to] make [sth] from [sth]ผ้าฝ้ายpâa fâaiผ้าฝ้ายpâa fâaicotton fabric; cotton clothล้วนๆlúuan-lúuanล้วนๆlúuan-lúuan1only; all; unmixed2purely; entirely; nothing butเลยloieเลยloie1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedใส่sàiใส่sài1[to] put in; [to] add2[to] wear; [to] put on3[to] include; [to] insert (data, settings)4[to] attack; [to] go at (colloq.)สบายมากsà-baai mâakสบายมากsà-baai mâakvery well; very comfortable; no problem (informal)
This shirt is made of pure cotton, so it's very comfortable to wear.
3 more examplesShow less
เขาkăoชอบchôpกินginกะเพราหมูสับgà-prao mŏo sàpล้วนๆlúuan-lúuanไม่ชอบmâi chôpให้hâiมีmeeผักpàkอย่างอื่นyàang èunปนbponมาmaa
He likes to eat stir-fried basil with minced pork only, without any other vegetables mixed in.
ทีมteemที่têeเข้าแข่งขันkâo kàeng-kănในnaiรอบชิงชนะเลิศrôp ching chá-ná lêrtเป็นbpenนักศึกษาnák sèuk-săaจากjàakมหาวิทยาลัยmá-hăa-wít-tá-yaa-laiเราraoล้วนๆlúuan-lúuan
The team that entered the final round consisted entirely of students from our university.
เครื่องประดับkrêuuang bprà-dàpชิ้นนี้chín néeทำจากtam jàakทองคำแท้tong-kam táeล้วนๆlúuan-lúuanจึงjeungมีmeeมูลค่าสูงmoon-lá-kâa sŏongและláeควรkuuanเก็บรักษาgèp rák-săaอย่างดีyàang dee
This piece of jewelry is made entirely of pure gold, thus it is highly valuable and should be stored carefully.
2AdverbB1
purely; entirely; nothing but
used to emphasize that something is complete or sole in degree or cause (informal intensifier)
Examples
ที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerเขาkăoเขาkăo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillสอบผ่านsòp pàanสอบผ่านsòp pàan1[to] pass (an exam, test, screening); meet the standard2having passed; qualifiedก็gâwก็gâw1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerเพราะpráwเพราะpráw1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingความขยันkwaam kà-yănความขยันkwaam kà-yăndiligence; industriousnessของเขาkŏng kăoของเขาkŏng kăohis; hers; theirsล้วนๆlúuan-lúuanล้วนๆlúuan-lúuan1only; all; unmixed2purely; entirely; nothing but
The reason he passed the exam was purely because of his diligence.
3 more examplesShow less
อุบัติเหตุù-bàt-dtì-hètครั้งนี้kráng néeเกิดขึ้นgèrt kêunเพราะpráwความประมาทkwaam bprà-màatล้วนๆlúuan-lúuanไม่mâiเกี่ยวกับgìiao gàpสภาพsà-pâapถนนtà-nŏnเลยloie
This accident happened entirely because of carelessness, it had nothing to do with the road conditions.
ที่têeฉันchănตัดสินใจdtàt-sĭn-jaiลาออกlaa òkก็gâwเพราะpráwเหตุผลhèt pŏnส่วนตัวsùuan dtuuaล้วนๆlúuan-lúuanไม่ได้mâi dâaiมีปัญหาmee bpan-hăaกับgàpใครkraiในnaiที่ทำงานtêe tam ngaan
My decision to resign was based purely on personal reasons; I didn't have a problem with anyone at work.
การที่gaan têeโครงการkrohng gaanไม่ได้รับmâi dâai rápการอนุมัติgaan à-nú-mátเป็นผลมาจากbpen pŏn maa jàakการเมืองgaan meuuangภายในpaai naiองค์กรong gonล้วนๆlúuan-lúuanทั้งที่táng têeตัวdtuuaโครงการkrohng gaanมีประโยชน์mee bprà-yòtมากmâak
The project's failure to get approved was a result of internal politics, pure and simple, even though the project itself was very beneficial.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is ล้วนๆ said ล้วน-ล้วน?
lúuan-lúuan
Thai spelling does not always show how a word sounds. This is how it is said.
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
lúuan
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + Mai tho → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |