ถ้ำ
tâmMeaning
1NounA2
cave; cavern
a natural hollow space in rock or in the side of a hill or mountain, large enough for a person to enter
Examples
บนbonบนbon1on; upon; in; above2upper; top3[to] vow (at a shrine)เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillลูกlûukลูกlûuk1child; son; daughter2offspring (of animals); young3ball; spherical object4fruit5classifier: fruits, balls, and certain other objectsนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoถ้ำtâmถ้ำtâmcave; cavernใหญ่yàiใหญ่yài1big; large2major; important3elder; seniorที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerคนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: peopleเดินเข้าไปdəən-kâo-bpaiเดินเข้าไปdəən-kâo-bpai[to] walk in; [to] walk into [somewhere]ได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action marker
On this hill, there is a big cave that people can walk into.
7 more examplesShow less
Yesterday we explored a cave located on the cliffside.
พรุ่งนี้prûng-níiไกด์gáiจะพาjà-paaเราraoเข้าkâoถ้ำtâmที่tîiลึกlʉ́kและlɛ́กว้างgwâangพอpɔɔให้hâiคนkonหลายคนlǎai-konเดินdəənสวนกันsǔuan-ganได้dâai
Tomorrow the guide will take us into a deep cave wide enough for several people to pass each other.
นักปีนเขาnák-bpiin-kǎoหลบฝนlòp-fǒnในnaiถ้ำtâmธรรมชาติtam-má-châatที่tîiอ้าปากâa-bpàakกว้างgwâangอยู่yùuตรงdtrongเชิงเขาchəəng-kǎo
The climbers took shelter from the rain in a natural cave with a wide mouth at the foot of the mountain.
เราraoขึ้นไปkêun bpaiไหว้พระwâi práที่têeถ้ำเล็กtâm lékๆ-บนbonหน้าผาnâa păaบรรยากาศban-yaa-gàatสงบsà-ngòpมากmâak
We went up to pay respect at a small cave on the cliff; the atmosphere was very peaceful.
ถ้ำtâmนั้นnánประดับbprà-dàpด้วยdûuayรูปrôopแกะสลักgàe sà-làkเก่าgàoๆ-ดูdooงดงามngót ngaamราวraaoสถานที่ศักดิ์สิทธิ์sà-tăan-têe sàk-sìt
That cave is adorned with old carvings and looks beautiful like a sacred place.
แสงsăengเช้าcháaoส่องผ่านsòng pâanปากbpàakถ้ำเล็กtâm lékๆ-จนjonเห็นhĕnผนังpà-năngหินhĭnกลายเป็นglaai bpenสีทองsĕe tongเหมาะmòrแก่gàeการทำสมาธิgaan tam sà-maa-tí
Morning light shines through the small cave entrance, turning the rock walls golden, ideal for meditation.
ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanเชื่อว่าchʉ̂ʉa-wâaถ้ำtâmกระทัดรัดgrà-tát-rátข้างkâangวัดwátนั้นnánมีmiiสิ่งศักดิ์สิทธิ์sìng-sàk-sìtสถิตอยู่sà-tìt-yùuจึงjʉngมีmiiคนkonไปbpaiจุดjùtธูปtûupขอพรkɔ̌ɔ-pɔɔnเสมอsà-mə̌ə
Villagers believe that the small cave beside the temple is inhabited by sacred spirits, so people often go to light incense and pray.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Falling tone
tâm
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
High class + Mai tho → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |