ชุม
chumMeanings
1AdjectiveB1
crowded; densely populated
having many people or things in a small area; crowded or dense
Examples
ตลาดนัดdtà-làat-nátตลาดนัดdtà-làat-nátperiodic/open-air market; pop-up marketตอนเช้าdtɔɔn-cháoตอนเช้าdtɔɔn-cháo1morning (time period)2in the morningคนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: peopleจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ชุมchumชุมchum1crowded; densely populated2teeming; abundantมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerous
The morning market is very crowded (with people).
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ในnaiเมืองใหญ่mʉʉang-yàiผู้คนpûu-konอาศัยอยู่aa-sǎi-yùuกันganอย่างหนาแน่นyàang-nǎa-nɛ̂nและlɛ́บ้านเรือนbâan-rʉʉanก็gɔ̂ตั้งอยู่dtâng-yùuชุมchumมากmâak
In big cities, people live densely and houses are located very close together.
ย่านyâanเยาวราชyao-wá-râatเป็นbpenพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiที่tîiร้านค้าráan-káaและlɛ́แผงลอยpɛ̌ɛng-lɔɔiตั้งอยู่dtâng-yùuชุมchumจนjonแทบtɛ̂ɛpไม่มีmâi-miiทางเดินtaang-dəən
The Yaowarat area is a place where shops and stalls are so densely packed there's barely any room to walk.
สถาปนิกsà-tǎa-bpà-níkต้องdtɔ̂ngออกแบบɔ̀ɔk-bɛ̀ɛpอาคารaa-kaanให้hâiใช้ประโยชน์chái-bprà-yòotพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiได้dâaiสูงสุดsǔung-sùtในnaiบริเวณbɔɔ-rí-weenที่tîiที่ดินtîi-dinมีmiiจำกัดjam-gàtและlɛ́ประชากรbprà-chaa-gɔɔnอาศัยอยู่aa-sǎi-yùuชุมchum
Architects must design buildings to maximize space utilization in areas where land is limited and the population is dense.
2AdjectiveB2
teeming; abundant
present in large numbers; plentiful or swarming (e.g., fish, insects)
Examples
ช่วงchûuangช่วงchûuang1period; span (of time)2span; extent3section; segment (part of something)4range; interval (between limits)5distance between supportsหน้าฝนnâa-fǒnหน้าฝนnâa-fǒn1rainy season; monsoon season2during the rainy seasonยุงyungยุงyungmosquitoจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ชุมchumชุมchum1crowded; densely populated2teeming; abundantเป็นพิเศษbpen-pí-sèetเป็นพิเศษbpen-pí-sèet1especially; particularly2specially; as an exceptionต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toระวังrá-wangระวังrá-wang1[to] be careful; take care2watch out!; caution!3[to] watch out for; guard againstอย่าyàaอย่าyàadon’t; do not (negative imperative)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoน้ำขังnáam-kǎngน้ำขังnáam-kǎng1standing water; stagnant water2[to] have standing water; [to] become waterlogged
During the rainy season, mosquitoes are especially plentiful, so you must be careful not to have standing water.
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ชาวประมงchaao-bprà-mongบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaช่วงนี้chûuang-níiน้ำnáamขึ้นkʉ̂nสูงsǔungปลาbplaaเลยləəiชุมchumเป็นพิเศษbpen-pí-sèet
The fishermen say that since the water is high now, fish are particularly plentiful.
ความอุดมสมบูรณ์kwaam-ù-dom-sǒm-buunของkɔ̌ɔngป่าชายเลนbpàa-chaai-leenเป็นbpenปัจจัยสำคัญbpàt-jai-sǎm-kanที่tîiทำให้tam-hâiสัตว์น้ำsàt-náamวัยอ่อนwai-ɔ̀ɔnชุกชุมchúk-chumในnaiบริเวณนี้bɔɔ-rí-ween-níi
The richness of the mangrove forest is a key factor that makes juvenile aquatic animals plentiful in this area.
เอกสารโบราณèek-gà-sǎan-boo-raanบันทึกban-tʉ́kว่าwâaแถบtɛ̀ɛpลุ่มน้ำlûm-náamแห่งนี้hɛ̀ng-níiเคยkəəiมีmiiจระเข้ชุมjɔɔ-rá-kêe-chumจนjonเป็นที่bpen-tîiมาmaaของkɔ̌ɔngชื่อchʉ̂ʉหมู่mùuบ้านบางคล้าbâan-baang-kláa
Ancient documents record that this river basin area used to have plentiful crocodiles, which led to the name of the Bang Khla village.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
chum
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |