คราม
kraamMeanings
1NounB1
indigo (color)
a deep blue, indigo hue
Examples
ท้องฟ้าtɔ́ɔng-fáaท้องฟ้าtɔ́ɔng-fáasky; heavensยามค่ำyaam-kâmยามค่ำyaam-kâmnighttime; eveningวันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at presentเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)สีครามsǐi-kraamสีครามsǐi-kraam1indigo; dark purplish blue (color)2indigo-colored; dark blueเข้มkêmเข้มkêm1strong; intense (taste/smell)2deep; rich (color)3strong (coffee/tea/medicine)4strict; rigorous5serious; stern (manner/face)สวยมากsǔuai-mâakสวยมากsǔuai-mâakvery beautiful; gorgeous
The night sky today is a beautiful deep indigo.
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เธอtəəเลือกlʉ̂ʉakผ้าม่านpâa-mâanสีครามsǐi-kraamเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiห้องhɔ̂ngดูduuนิ่งnîngและlɛ́ลึกlʉ́kขึ้นkʉ̂n
She chose indigo curtains to make the room feel calm and deeper.
ภาพจิตรกรรมpâap-jìt-dtrà-gamใช้cháiเฉดchèetครามkraamหลายlǎaiระดับrá-dàpเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaสร้างsâangมิติmí-dtìและlɛ́ความลุ่มลึกkwaam-lûm-lʉ́k
The painting uses multiple shades of indigo to create dimension and depth.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaนำnamโทนtoonสีครามsǐi-kraamมาmaaจัดjàtคู่กับkûu-gàpสีsǐiอุ่นùnความเปรียบต่างkwaam-bprìiap-dtàangจะjàขับkàpให้hâiบรรยากาศban-yaa-gàatดูduuหรูrǔuและlɛ́ลุ่มลึกlûm-lʉ́kยิ่งขึ้นyîng-kʉ̂n
When pairing an indigo tone with warm colors, the contrast elevates the atmosphere to feel more luxurious and profound.
2NounB2
indigo dye; indigo plant
a natural dye producing an indigo color; also the plant(s) used to produce this dye (e.g., Indigofera spp.)
Examples
ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanชาวบ้านchaao-bâan1villagers; locals; rural residents2ordinary people; laypeople; the public3folksy; colloquial; plain (as a modifier)ปลูกbplùukปลูกbplùuk1[to] plant; grow (plants)2[to] build (a house); erect; set up (structure)3[to] instill; cultivate (values/habits)ต้นครามdtôn-kraamต้นครามdtôn-kraamindigo plant (used to make indigo dye)ไว้wáiไว้wái1[to] keep; save; store2[to] set aside; reserve3for later; in reserve4[to] leave (something) as is5marks retention or maintenance of a state6[to] wear; sport (hair/moustache/etc.)หลังบ้านlǎng-bâanหลังบ้านlǎng-bâan1back of the house; backyard2domestic affairs; family side (figurative)3wife (figurative)เพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofใช้cháiใช้chái1[to] use; employ2[to] spend (money); pay; expend3[to] require; take (time/effort/amount)4[to] tell [sb] to do [sth]; assign; orderทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] do; carry out (work)5[to] cause; makeสีย้อมsǐi-yɔ́ɔmสีย้อมsǐi-yɔ́ɔm1dye; dyestuff (for fabric, hair, leather, etc.)2stain (laboratory)ผ้าpâaผ้าpâa1cloth; fabric; textile2cloth item3classifier: ผืน (pieces of cloth); ม้วน (rolls); พับ (bolts)แบบbɛ̀ɛpแบบbɛ̀ɛp1style; type; kind; manner2model; pattern; design; template3form; questionnaire4in a ... way; -ly (pre-head adverbial marker)ธรรมชาติtam-má-châatธรรมชาติtam-má-châat1nature; the natural world2natural; inherent3character; disposition
Villagers grow indigo plants behind their houses to make natural dye for cloth.
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เขาkǎoเรียนรู้riian-rúuวิธีwí-tiiหมักใบครามmàk-bai-kraamให้hâiกลายเป็นglaai-bpenสีย้อมsǐi-yɔ́ɔmสำหรับsǎm-ràpทอผ้าtɔɔ-pâa
She learned how to ferment indigo leaves into dye for weaving cloth.
งานฝีมือngaan-fǐi-mʉʉของkɔ̌ɔngชุมชนchum-chonนี้níiใช้cháiครามkraamจากjàakต้นอินดิโกเฟอราdtôn-in-dì-goo-fəə-raaทำให้tam-hâiผ้าpâaมีmiiสีsǐiที่tîiคงทนkong-tonและlɛ́ปลอดbplɔ̀ɔtสารเคมีsǎan-kee-mii
This community’s crafts use indigo derived from Indigofera plants, making the fabric durable and chemical-free.
ช่างchângย้อมyɔ́ɔmควบคุมkûuap-kumอุณหภูมิun-hà-puumและlɛ́เวลาwee-laaในnaiหม้อครามmɔ̂ɔ-kraamอย่างพิถีพิถันyàang-pí-tǐi-pí-tǎnเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiสีย้อมsǐi-yɔ́ɔmติดdtìtเส้นใยsên-yaiฝ้ายfâaiได้dâaiสม่ำเสมอsà-màm-sà-mə̌ə
The dyer meticulously controls the temperature and timing of the indigo vat to ensure the dye bonds evenly to cotton fibers.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow classConsonant clusterIn the cluster คร, the first consonant ค sets the class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
kraam
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |