กำแหง
gam-hɛ̌ɛngMeanings
1AdjectiveB2
arrogant; insolent
arrogant, insolent, or audacious, often by acting above one's station or disrespectfully challenging authority
Examples
เด็กdèkเด็กdèk1child; kid2young; not yet grown up3young person (informal)คนนี้kon-níiคนนี้kon-níithis personกำแหงgam-hɛ̌ɛngกำแหงgam-hɛ̌ɛng1arrogant; insolent2brave; boldมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerกล้าglâaกล้าglâa1brave; courageous2to dare3seedling; young plant4bravely; boldlyเถียงtǐiangเถียงtǐiang[to] argue; [to] talk backครูใหญ่kruu-yàiครูใหญ่kruu-yàiprincipal; headteacherต่อหน้าdtɔ̀ɔ-nâaต่อหน้าdtɔ̀ɔ-nâa1in front of; to someone's face2before; in the presence ofเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉanเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉan1friend2classmate; colleague (peer)3companion; fellowทุกคนtúk-konทุกคนtúk-koneveryone; everybody
This child is very insolent to dare argue with the principal in front of everyone.
3 more examplesShow less
ลูกน้องlûuk-nɔ́ɔngบางคนbaang-konเริ่มrə̂əmทำตัวtam-dtuuaกำแหงgam-hɛ̌ɛngเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaรู้rúuว่าwâaมีmiiผู้บริหารระดับสูงpûu-bɔɔ-rí-hǎan-rá-dàp-sǔungคอยkɔɔiให้ท้ายhâi-táai
Some subordinates started acting insolently when they realized top executives were backing them up.
เขาkǎoถูกtùukไล่lâiออกจากɔ̀ɔk-jàakบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtเพราะprɔ́ทำตัวtam-dtuuaกำแหงgam-hɛ̌ɛngและlɛ́ไม่mâiเคารพkao-rópหัวหน้างานhǔua-nâa-ngaan
He was fired from the company because he acted insolently and disrespected his supervisor.
2AdjectiveC1
brave; bold
brave, bold, or strong (typically used in literary or historical contexts)
Examples
ขุนศึกkǔn-sʉ̀kขุนศึกkǔn-sʉ̀k1general; military commander (hist./lit.)2warlord; military strongmanผู้pûuผู้pûu1person; one who … (agentive prefix)2person; people (as a standalone noun in formal/register-bound uses)กำแหงgam-hɛ̌ɛngกำแหงgam-hɛ̌ɛng1arrogant; insolent2brave; boldนำทัพnam-tápนำทัพnam-táp1[to] lead an army; command troops2[to] spearhead; front a group (figurative)ออกรบɔ̀ɔk-rópออกรบɔ̀ɔk-róp[to] go to warด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooความกล้าหาญkwaam-glâa-hǎanความกล้าหาญkwaam-glâa-hǎancourage; bravery; valor
The mighty and bold warlord courageously led the army into battle.
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ทหารกล้าtá-hǎan-glâaผู้pûuมีใจmii-jaiกำแหงgam-hɛ̌ɛngไม่เคยmâi-kəəiหวั่นเกรงwàn-greengต่อdtɔ̀ɔข้าศึกkâa-sʉ̀kศัตรูsàt-dtruuประการbprà-gaanใดdai
The brave soldier with a bold heart never feared the enemy in any way.
วรรณคดีไทยwan-ná-ká-dee taiมักmákพรรณนาถึงpan-ná-naa tĕungวีรบุรุษwee-rá-bù-rùtผู้pôoมีmeeฤทธิ์rítกำแหงgam-hăengหาญhăanชาญchaanชัยchaiกวัดแกว่งgwàt gwàengอาวุธaa-wútเข้าkâoห้ำhâmหั่นhànศัตรูsàt-dtruuอย่างyàangไร้ความปรานีrái kwaam bpraa-nee
Thai literature often depicts heroes with brave and mighty power, wielding weapons to strike down enemies without mercy.
สมเด็จพระนเรศวรมหาราชsǒm-dèt-prá-ná-ree-sǔuan-má-hǎa-râatทรงsongช้างศึกcháang-sʉ̀kด้วยdûuaiพระทัยprá-taiกำแหงgam-hɛ̌ɛngเข้าkâoกระทำgrà-tamยุทธหัตถีyút-tá-hàt-tǐiกับgàpพระมหาอุปราชาprá-má-hǎa-ù-bpà-raa-chaaจนได้jon-dâaiรับrápชัยชนะchai-chá-ná
King Naresuan the Great mounted his war elephant with a bold heart, engaging in an elephant duel with the Crown Prince until achieving victory.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is กำแหง said กัม-แหง?
gam-hɛ̌ɛng
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableThe vowel ำ hides a final -ม, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
gam
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
กำgamกำgam1[to] grasp; clench; grip2handful (amount)3fist4classifier: handful(s)5wheel spoke[to] grasp; clench; gripPart 1
+
กำแหงgam-hɛ̌ɛngกำแหงgam-hɛ̌ɛngarrogant; insolentarrogant; insolentWord