การด้น
gaan-dônMeanings
1NounB2
improvisation; ad-libbing; freestyling
the act of creating words, music, verse, or performance on the spot without prior preparation (e.g., ด้นสดด้นสดdôn-sòt[to] improvise; ad-lib; freestyle, ด้นกลอนด้นกลอนdôn-glɔɔn[to] improvise verse)
Examples
นักแสดงตลกnák-sà-dɛɛng-dtà-lòkนักแสดงตลกnák-sà-dɛɛng-dtà-lòkcomedian; comic actorคนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: people3[to] stir; mix by stirringนั้นnánนั้นnán1that (distal demonstrative)2that one; that thing3(topic-marking or emphatic particle)เก่งgèngเก่งgèng1skilled; good at2smart; quick-witted3[to] be good at; excelเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangเรื่องrʉ̂ʉang1matter; issue; subject2story; tale3classifier for stories/films/cases4about; regarding (as a topic marker)การด้นสดgaan-dôn-sòtการด้นสดgaan-dôn-sòtimprovisation; ad‑libbingทำให้tam-hâiทำให้tam-hâi1[to] make; cause [sb/sth] to [do/be sth]; render2[to] do/make [sth] for [sb]คนดูkon-duuคนดูkon-duuviewer; spectator; audienceหัวเราะhǔua-rɔ́หัวเราะhǔua-rɔ́1[to] laugh2[to] laugh at; ridiculeได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerตลอดdtà-lɔ̀ɔtตลอดdtà-lɔ̀ɔt1throughout; continuously; all the time2throughout; along (extent/duration)
That comedian is great at improvisation, making the audience laugh constantly.
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ในnaiดนตรีแจ๊สdon-dtrii-jɛ́ɛtการด้นgaan-dônเป็นbpenทักษะสำคัญták-sà-sǎm-kanที่tîiนักดนตรีnák-don-dtriiใช้cháiแสดงsà-dɛɛngความสามารถเฉพาะตัวkwaam-sǎa-mâat-chà-pɔ́-dtuua
In jazz music, improvisation is an important skill that musicians use to showcase their individual talent.
ศิลปินsǐn-lá-bpinเพลงฉ่อยpleeng-chɔ̀ɔiต้องdtɔ̂ngอาศัยaa-sǎiศิลปะsǐn-lá-bpàการด้นกลอนสดgaan-dôn-glɔɔn-sòtเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaโต้ตอบdtôo-dtɔ̀ɔpกันganอย่างyàangคมคายkom-kaaiและlɛ́สร้างsâangความบันเทิงkwaam-ban-təəng
Choi performers must rely on the art of poetic improvisation to respond to each other wittily and create entertainment.
ความสามารถkwaam-sǎa-mâatในnaiการด้นgaan-dônบทพูดbòt-pûutได้dâaiอย่างเป็นธรรมชาติyàang-bpen-tam-má-châatเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaเกิดเหตุgə̀ət-hèetไม่คาดฝันmâi-kâat-fǎnบนbonเวทีwee-tiiคือkʉʉเครื่องพิสูจน์krʉ̂ʉang-pí-sùutความเป็นมืออาชีพkwaam-bpen-mʉʉ-aa-chîipของkɔ̌ɔngนักแสดงnák-sà-dɛɛng
The ability to improvise dialogue naturally when something unexpected happens on stage is proof of an actor's professionalism.
2NounC1
hand stitching; running stitching or backstitching
Sewing by hand with stitches such as running stitches (ด้นตะลุย) or backstitches (ด้นถอยหลัง).
Examples
คุณkunคุณkun1you (polite)2Mr.; Ms.; Mrs. (title)3quality; virtue; meritยายสอนyaai-sɔ̌ɔnยายสอนyaai-sɔ̌ɔnGrandma Sorn (proper name/address)ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)3like; as (in the manner of)เรื่องrʉ̂ʉangเรื่องrʉ̂ʉang1matter; issue; subject2story; tale3classifier for stories/films/cases4about; regarding (as a topic marker)การด้นgaan-dônการด้นgaan-dôn1improvisation; ad-libbing; freestyling2hand stitching; running stitching or backstitchingผ้าpâaผ้าpâacloth; fabric; textileด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooมือmʉʉมือmʉʉ1hand2skill; level; expertise3classifier: players in certain gambling games4doer; agent5round; turn (card games)เพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofซ่อมsɔ̂mซ่อมsɔ̂m[to] repair; fixเสื้อผ้าsʉ̂ʉa-pâaเสื้อผ้าsʉ̂ʉa-pâaclothes; clothing; apparelที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerขาดkàatขาดkàat1[to] lack; be short of; run short2[to] be torn; tear; rip3lacking; deficient4[to] be absent; miss (an occurrence)5[to] be cut off; be severed
My grandmother taught me about hand-sewing with a running stitch to repair torn clothes.
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การด้นgaan dônถอยหลังtŏi lăngเป็นbpenเทคนิคték-nìkที่têeช่วยให้chûuai hâiตะเข็บdtà-kèpแข็งแรงkăeng raengทนทานton taanเหมาะmòrสำหรับsăm-ràpส่วนsùuanที่têeต้องdtôngรับrápแรงดึงraeng deungเยอะๆyér-yér
Backstitching is a technique that helps make seams strong and durable, suitable for parts that need to withstand a lot of tension.
ช่างฝีมือchâang-fǐi-mʉʉบรรจงban-jongใช้cháiเทคนิคték-nìkการด้นgaan-dônเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaสร้างsâangลวดลายlûuat-laaiบนbonผืนผ้าpʉ̌ʉn-pâaทำให้tam-hâiงานปักngaan-bpàkดูduuมีมิติmii-mí-dtìและlɛ́สวยงามsǔuai-ngaamยิ่งขึ้นyîng-kʉ̂n
The artisan carefully used a backstitching technique to create patterns on the fabric, making the embroidery look more dimensional and beautiful.
ความสม่ำเสมอkwaam-sà-màm-sà-mə̌əของkɔ̌ɔngฝีเข็มfǐi-kěmในnaiการด้นgaan-dônสะท้อนถึงsà-tɔ́ɔn-tʉ̌ngความชำนาญkwaam-cham-naanและlɛ́สมาธิsà-maa-tíของkɔ̌ɔngช่างเย็บผ้าchâang-yép-pâaได้dâaiเป็นอย่างดีbpen-yàang-dii
The consistency of the stitches in the backstitching clearly reflects the skill and concentration of the seamstress.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ร, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
gaan
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
+
ด้นdônด้นdôn1[to] improvise; ad-lib2[to] stitch; sew with running stitches[to] improvise; ad-libPart 2
การด้นgaan-dônการด้นgaan-dônimprovisation; ad-libbing; freestylingimprovisation; ad-libbing; freestylingWord