กราฟ
gráapMeanings
1NounA2
graph; chart
a diagram that shows data or relationships, often using lines, bars, or points (e.g., line graph, bar chart).
Examples
ดูduuดูduu1[to] look; watch; see2[to] examine; check; inspect3[to] seem; appear4try; have a go5[to] divine; tell fortuneกราฟgráapกราฟgráap1graph; chart2graph (mathematics)เส้นsênเส้นsên1line; stripe; thread-like length2noodle (food strand)3CL: strand-like things4tendon; nerve; sinew5route; line (service/path)6connections; pull (informal)นี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ยอดขายyɔ̂ɔt-kǎaiยอดขายyɔ̂ɔt-kǎai1sales revenue; total sales2sales volume/units soldเพิ่มขึ้นpə̂əm-kʉ̂nเพิ่มขึ้นpə̂əm-kʉ̂n1[to] increase; rise; go up2more (than before); to a greater degree3increased; higher; greater than beforeทุกtúkทุกtúk1every; each2every (interval/frequency)เดือนdʉʉanเดือนdʉʉan1month2the Moon; moon
Look at this line graph; sales increase every month.
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ครูkruuขอkɔ̌ɔให้เราhâi-raoวาดwâatกราฟgráapแท่งtɛ̂ngเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเปรียบเทียบbprìiap-tîiapคะแนนสอบká-nɛɛn-sɔ̀ɔpของkɔ̌ɔngแต่ละdtɛ̀ɛ-láห้องhɔ̂ng
The teacher asked us to draw a bar graph to compare the test scores of each class.
ในnaiรายงานraai-ngaanเราraoใช้cháiกราฟgráapวงกลมwong-glomแสดงsà-dɛɛngสัดส่วนsàt-sùuanค่าใช้จ่ายkâa-chái-jàai
In the report, we used a pie chart to show the proportion of expenses.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaอ่านàanกราฟgráapกระจายgrà-jaaiเราraoเห็นhěnความสัมพันธ์kwaam-sǎm-panเชิงบวกchəəng-bùuakระหว่างrá-wàangเวลาwee-laaฝึกfʉ̀kกับgàpผลสอบpǒn-sɔ̀ɔp
When reading the scatter plot, we see a positive relationship between practice time and test results.
2NounB2
graph (mathematics)
a mathematical structure consisting of vertices (nodes) and edges (links) used to model relationships.
Examples
ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)วิชาwí-chaaวิชาwí-chaa1subject; course; field of study2classifier: courses/subjects3knowledge; skill; discipline4esoteric or magical artsอัลกอริทึมan-gɔɔ-rí-tʉmอัลกอริทึมan-gɔɔ-rí-tʉmalgorithm (general)เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)ใช้cháiใช้chái1[to] use; employ2[to] spend (money); pay; expend3[to] require; take (time/effort/amount)4[to] tell [sb] to do [sth]; assign; orderกราฟgráapกราฟgráap1graph; chart2graph (mathematics)แทนtɛɛnแทนtɛɛn1instead; rather2[to] replace; substitute for3in place of; on behalf ofความสัมพันธ์kwaam-sǎm-panความสัมพันธ์kwaam-sǎm-pan1relationship; relations (people/groups)2connection; association; correlation (things/data)3mathematical relationระหว่างrá-wàangระหว่างrá-wàang1between; among2during3interval; in-between timeจุดjùtจุดjùt1dot; spot; speck2point (location/time)3[to] light; ignite4point (argument/aspect)5decimal point6degree (° symbol)7point (classifier for small dots/points)และlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)เส้นเชื่อมsên-chʉ̂ʉamเส้นเชื่อมsên-chʉ̂ʉamconnecting line; connector
In algorithms class, we use a graph to represent relationships between vertices and edges.
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ปัญหาbpan-hǎaการหาgaan-hǎaเส้นทางsên-taangสั้นsânสุดsùtมักmákแก้gɛ̂ɛด้วยdûuaiกราฟgráapที่tîiระบุrá-bùน้ำหนักnám-nàkบนbonเส้นเชื่อมsên-chʉ̂ʉam
The shortest path problem is often solved using a graph with weights on the edges.
ถ้าtâaโครงข่ายkroong-kàaiสังคมsǎng-komถูกtùukมองmɔɔngเป็นbpenกราฟgráapโหนดnòotคือkʉʉผู้ใช้pûu-cháiและlɛ́เส้นเชื่อมsên-chʉ̂ʉamคือkʉʉความเป็นเพื่อนkwaam-bpen-pʉ̂ʉan
If a social network is viewed as a graph, nodes are users and edges are friendships.
เราraoสามารถsǎa-mâatตรวจสอบdtrùuat-sɔ̀ɔpว่าwâaกราฟgráapเชื่อมต่อchʉ̂ʉam-dtɔ̀ɔหรือไม่rʉ̌ʉ-mâiด้วยdûuaiการเดินgaan-dəənกราฟgráapและlɛ́วิเคราะห์คอมโพเนนต์wí-krɔ́-kɔɔm-poo-neenที่tîiเชื่อมchʉ̂ʉamถึงtʉ̌ngกันgan
We can check whether a graph is connected by traversing it and analyzing its connected components.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is กราฟ said กร๊าบ?
gráap
- Final soundAt the end of a syllable, ฟ is said like บ (p).Spoken toneSaid with a High tone in everyday Thai, as if written กร๊าบ (gráap). The spelling rule would give a Low tone.
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid classConsonant clusterIn the cluster กร, the first consonant ก sets the class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -ฟ, a stop, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
ResultSpoken tone
High tone
gráap
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Spelling rule: Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Spoken tone Said with a High tone in everyday Thai. The spelling rule would give a Low tone, but this loanword follows how it's actually pronounced. Say it as if written กร๊าบ (gráap).
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
The chart shows the spelling rule. In everyday Thai, this syllable is said with a High tone instead.