อ่วม
ùuamMeanings
1AdjectiveB1
severely affected; in bad shape
in very bad condition or suffering badly; severely affected by something (e.g., heavy loss, injury, debt).
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillโดนdoonโดนdoon1[to] get; be subjected to (passive, often negative)2[to] be hit; be struck; be affected3[to] hit the mark; be spot on (slang/colloq.)ต่อยdtɔ̀ɔiต่อยdtɔ̀ɔi1[to] punch; hit with the fist2[to] stingจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofหน้าตาnâa-dtaaหน้าตาnâa-dtaa1facial appearance; looks2appearance (of things)3face; reputationอ่วมùuamอ่วมùuam1severely affected; in bad shape2severely; heavily; badlyไปหมดbpai-mòtไปหมดbpai-mòt1completely; all gone2entirely; across the board
He was punched until his face was all battered and bruised.
3 more examplesShow less
ร้านค้าráan-káaแถวนี้tɛ̌ɛo-níiอ่วมùuamกันganหมดmòtเพราะprɔ́เศรษฐกิจsèet-tà-gìtไม่ดีmâi-diiและlɛ́ไม่มีmâi-miiนักท่องเที่ยวnák-tɔ̂ɔng-tîiao
The shops in this area are all in a bad state because the economy is poor and there are no tourists.
ลงทุนlong-tunไปbpaiเยอะyə́แต่dtɛ̀ɛขาดทุนkàat-tunยับเยินyáp-yəənตอนนี้dtɔɔn-níiสภาพsà-pâapการเงินgaan-ngənเลยləəiอ่วมùuamมากmâak
I invested a lot but suffered huge losses, so now my financial situation is in a terrible state.
ภาคpâakการส่งออกgaan-sòng-ɔ̀ɔkอยู่ในyùu-naiสภาพsà-pâapอ่วมùuamหนักnàkจากjàakผลกระทบpǒn-grà-tópของkɔ̌ɔngค่าเงินบาทkâa-ngən-bàatที่tîiแข็งตัวkɛ̌ng-dtuuaขึ้นkʉ̂n
The export sector is in a severely bad condition due to the impact of the strengthening Baht.
2AdverbB1
severely; heavily; badly
to a severe degree; very much (e.g., lose heavily, suffer badly).
Examples
เมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waanเมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waan1yesterday (the day before today)2yesterday; yesterday (as an adverb)ทีมฟุตบอลtiim-fút-bɔɔnทีมฟุตบอลtiim-fút-bɔɔn1football/soccer team (side/squad)2football club/organization (everyday use)แพ้pɛ́ɛแพ้pɛ́ɛ1[to] lose; be defeated2[to] be allergic (to)3[to] be overcome by; be susceptible to4susceptible to; intolerant ofไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already pastอ่วมùuamอ่วมùuam1severely affected; in bad shape2severely; heavily; badlyเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceed
Yesterday, the football team lost heavily.
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ปีนี้bpee néeน้ำท่วมnáam tûuamหนักnàkทำให้tam hâiชาวสวนchaao sŭuanเสียหายsĭia hăaiกันไปgan bpaiอ่วมûuam
This year, the severe flood caused the farmers to suffer heavy damages.
พอpɔɔตลาดหุ้นdtà-làat-hûnตกdtòkเขาkǎoก็gɔ̂ขาดทุนkàat-tunไปbpaiอ่วมùuamเพราะprɔ́ลงทุนlong-tunไว้wáiเยอะมากyə́-mâak
When the stock market fell, he suffered a heavy loss because he had invested so much.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markMai ek
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
ùuam
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + Mai ek → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |