หิงคุล
hǐng-kunMeaning
1NounC2
cinnabar; vermilion
Cinnabar, a red mineral composed of mercury sulfide, or the red pigment made from it.
Examples
แม้mɛ́ɛแม้mɛ́ɛ1even if; although; even though2evenหิงคุลhǐng-kunหิงคุลhǐng-kuncinnabar; vermilionจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)สีแดงสดsǐi-dɛɛng-sòtสีแดงสดsǐi-dɛɛng-sòtbright red; vivid redแต่dtɛ̀ɛแต่dtɛ̀ɛ1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)การบดgaan-bòtการบดgaan-bòtgrinding; crushing; pulverizingแร่rɛ̂ɛแร่rɛ̂ɛmineral; ore (mineral resource)นี้níiนี้níi1this2this oneเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)ผงpǒngผงpǒng1powder2dust; fine powderสีsǐiสีsǐi1color2paint3[to] rub; scrub; polish4flush (poker)5[to] mill; husk (rice)6[to] play (a bowed instrument)ต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] cause; makeอย่างระมัดระวังyàang-rá-mát-rá-wangอย่างระมัดระวังyàang-rá-mát-rá-wangcarefully; cautiouslyเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoปรอทbpà-rɔ̀ɔtปรอทbpà-rɔ̀ɔt1thermometer2mercury (element)3temperature level (figurative); the mercury (fig.)เป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)ส่วนประกอบsùuan-bprà-gɔ̀ɔpส่วนประกอบsùuan-bprà-gɔ̀ɔp1ingredient; constituent in a mixture2component; part of a whole
Although cinnabar produces a vivid red color, grinding this mineral into pigment requires care because it contains mercury.
3 more examplesShow less
ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnบูรณะbuu-rá-náภาพเขียนpâap-kǐianนักอนุรักษ์nák-à-nú-rákตรวจสอบdtrùuat-sɔ̀ɔpว่าwâaชั้นchánสีแดงsǐi-dɛɛngมีmiiหิงคุลhǐng-kunหรือไม่rʉ̌ʉ-mâiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเลือกlʉ̂ʉakวิธีwí-tiiทำความสะอาดtam-kwaam-sà-àatที่tîiไม่mâiทำลายtam-laaiเนื้อnʉ́ʉaสีsǐi
Before restoring the painting, the conservator checked whether the red paint layer contained cinnabar in order to choose a cleaning method that would not damage the paint.
หิงคุลhǐng-kunเป็นbpenแร่rɛ̂ɛปรอทbpà-rɔ̀ɔtซัลไฟด์san-faiที่tîiเคยkəəiใช้cháiทำtamสีแดงsǐi-dɛɛngในnaiงานจิตรกรรมngaan-jìt-dtrà-gamแต่dtɛ̀ɛความเสี่ยงkwaam-sìiangจากjàakสารปรอทsǎan-bpà-rɔ̀ɔtทำให้tam-hâiปัจจุบันbpàt-jù-banมีmiiการเลือกใช้gaan-lʉ̂ʉak-cháiสีsǐiทดแทนtót-tɛɛnมากขึ้นmâak-kʉ̂n
Cinnabar is a mercury sulfide mineral formerly used to make red pigment for paintings, but mercury-related risks have led to greater use of alternative pigments today.
การที่gaan-tîiชั้นchánสีsǐiหิงคุลhǐng-kunบนbonจิตรกรรมjìt-dtrà-gamเก่าgàoเปลี่ยนเป็นbplìian-bpenสีsǐiคล้ำklámมิได้mí-dâaiหมายความว่าmǎai-kwaam-wâaศิลปินsǐn-lá-bpinตั้งใจdtâng-jaiใช้cháiโทนtoonหม่นmònเสมอไปsà-mə̌ə-bpaiหากแต่hàak-dtɛ̀ɛอาจàatเป็นผลbpen-pǒnจากjàakการเปลี่ยนแปลงgaan-bplìian-bplɛɛngทางเคมีtaang-kee-miiของkɔ̌ɔngเม็ดสีmét-sǐiเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaเวลาwee-laaผ่านไปpàan-bpai
The darkening of a cinnabar paint layer in an old painting does not necessarily mean that the artist intended a muted palette; it may instead result from chemical changes in the pigment over time.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ง, a sonorant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
hǐng
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |