หยาม
yǎamMeanings
1VerbB2
[to] insult; disdain
to treat someone with contempt or scorn; to belittle or insult
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillพูดจาpûut-jaaพูดจาpûut-jaa[to] speak; talk (how one speaks)เหมือนจะmʉ̌ʉan-jàเหมือนจะmʉ̌ʉan-jàit seems that; it looks likeหยามyǎamหยามyǎam1[to] insult; disdain2[to] look down on; underrate (disrespectfully)ผมpǒmผมpǒm1I; me (male speaker, polite)2hair (on the head)ต่อหน้าdtɔ̀ɔ-nâaต่อหน้าdtɔ̀ɔ-nâa1in front of; to someone's face2before; in the presence ofคนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: people3[to] stir; mix by stirringทั้งtángทั้งtáng1whole; entire2all3both4altogether; entirelyห้องhɔ̂ngห้องhɔ̂ng1room2classifier: roomsทำให้tam-hâiทำให้tam-hâi1[to] make; cause [sb/sth] to [do/be sth]; render2[to] do/make [sth] for [sb]รู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀kรู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀k1[to] feel; sense2[to] feel that…; think (impression/opinion)อับอายàp-aaiอับอายàp-aai1ashamed; embarrassed2[to] feel ashamed; be humiliatedมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerous
He spoke as if to belittle me in front of everyone in the room, making me feel very humiliated.
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คำkamล้อเลียนlɔ́ɔ-liianที่tîiหยามyǎamศักดิ์ศรีsàk-sǐiของkɔ̌ɔngเธอtəəทำให้tam-hâiเธอtəəเลือกlʉ̂ʉakจะjàเงียบngîiapแต่dtɛ̀ɛตัดสินใจdtàt-sǐn-jaiพิสูจน์pí-sùutตัวเองdtuua-eengภายหลังpaai-lǎng
The mocking words that scorned her dignity made her stay quiet, but she decided to prove herself later.
การgaanหยามyăamเช่นนั้นchên nánไม่ใช่mâi châiแค่kâeทำร้ายtam ráaiความรู้สึกkwaam róo-sèukแต่ยังdtàe yangบั่นทอนbàn tonคุณค่าkun-ná-kâaความเป็นมนุษย์kwaam bpen má-nútของkŏngอีกฝ่ายèek fàai
Such contempt not only hurts feelings but also undermines the other person’s human dignity.
2VerbB2
[to] look down on; underrate (disrespectfully)
to consider someone as inferior or not worth respect; to underestimate in a scornful way
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillไม่ยอมให้mâi-yɔɔm-hâiไม่ยอมให้mâi-yɔɔm-hâi[to] refuse to let [sb] do [sth]; [to] not allow [sth]ใครkraiใครkrai1who2anyone; whoeverหยามyǎamหยามyǎam1[to] insult; disdain2[to] look down on; underrate (disrespectfully)ความสามารถkwaam-sǎa-mâatความสามารถkwaam-sǎa-mâat1ability; capacity2skill; talent; proficiency3capacity/competence (legal/official)ของตัวเองkɔ̌ɔng-dtuua-eengของตัวเองkɔ̌ɔng-dtuua-eengone's ownอีกต่อไปìik-dtɔ̀ɔ-bpaiอีกต่อไปìik-dtɔ̀ɔ-bpaianymore; any longer (with negation/questions)
He refuses to let anyone scornfully underestimate his abilities anymore.
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อย่าyàaหยามyǎamเด็กdèkว่าwâaเขาkǎoทำtamไม่ได้mâi-dâaiเพราะprɔ́เขาkǎoอาจàatทำได้tam-dâaiดีกว่าdii-gwàaที่tîiคิดkít
Don’t look down on a kid thinking they can’t do it; they might do better than you think.
คำพูดkam-pûutที่tîiหยามyǎamคนต่างจังหวัดkon-dtàang-jang-wàtว่าwâaไร้ráiความรู้kwaam-rúuทำให้tam-hâiหลายคนlǎai-konรู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀kเจ็บปวดjèp-bpùuat
Words that scornfully underestimate people from the provinces as uneducated make many feel hurt.
เธอtəəถูกtùukหยามyǎamว่าwâaขาดkàatฝีมือfǐi-mʉʉแต่dtɛ̀ɛสุดท้ายsùt-táaiก็gɔ̂พิสูจน์pí-sùutให้เห็นhâi-hěnว่าความwâa-kwaamคิดkítนั้นnánผิดถนัดpìt-tà-nàt
She was scornfully underestimated as lacking skill, but in the end proved that notion completely wrong.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh classLeading หA silent ห before ย puts this syllable in high class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
yǎam
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |