ทำขวัญ
tam-kwǎnMeanings
1VerbB2
[to] perform a blessing rite; call back [sb]'s spirit
to perform a ceremonial rite to call back and strengthen a person’s spirit (ขวัญขวัญkwǎn1spirit; vital essence2morale; courage3hair whorl; cowlick), restore luck, or ensure prosperity; a traditional Thai practice often led by a ritual specialist
Examples
เด็กdèkเด็กdèk1child; kid2young; not yet grown up3young person (informal)ตกdtòkตกdtòk1[to] fall; drop2(rain/snow) fall3[to] fail (an exam/test)4[to] drop; decline; decrease5[to] cost; come to6[to] set (of the sun)7[to] fall to; devolve upon; be allotted to8[to] be left out; miss one’s turnใจร้องไห้jai-rɔ́ɔng-hâaiใจร้องไห้jai-rɔ́ɔng-hâai[to] cry inwardly; feel heartbrokenไม่หยุดmâi-yùtไม่หยุดmâi-yùt1[to] not stop; keep going2non-stop; without stoppingผู้ใหญ่pûu-yàiผู้ใหญ่pûu-yài1adult; grown-up2elder; respected senior3adult (modifier)4authority; person in charge5senior; high-ranking (modifier)เลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)จัดพิธีjàt-pí-tiiจัดพิธีjàt-pí-tii[to] hold a ceremony; [to] organize a ceremonyทำขวัญtam-kwǎnทำขวัญtam-kwǎn1[to] perform a blessing rite; call back [sb]'s spirit2[to] compensate [sb]; pay compensationให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)
The child was startled and wouldn't stop crying, so the adults will organize a spirit-strengthening ceremony for him.
3 more examplesShow less
สมัยก่อนsà-măi gònเวลาway-laaใครkraiเจ็บป่วยjèp bpùuaiหนักๆnàk nàkก็gâwมักจะmák jàมีmeeการทำgaan tamขวัญkwănเพื่อpêuuaเรียกกำลังrîiak gam-langใจjaiกลับคืนมาglàp keun maa
In the old days, when someone was seriously ill, they would often perform a spirit-calling ceremony to restore their morale.
พิธีpí-tiiทำขวัญtam-kwǎnนาคnâakเป็นbpenประเพณีโบราณbprà-pee-nii-boo-raanที่tîiจัดขึ้นjàt-kʉ̂nเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaให้กำลังใจhâi-gam-lang-jaiและlɛ́เตือนสติdtʉʉan-sà-dtìผู้ที่pûu-tîiกำลังจะgam-lang-jàบวชbùuat
The 'Tham Khwan Nak' ceremony is an ancient tradition held to encourage and remind the man who is about to be ordained.
ความเชื่อkwaam chêuuaเรื่องrêuuangการทำgaan tamขวัญkwănสะท้อนให้เห็นถึงsà-tón hâi hĕn tĕungแนวคิดnaeo kítของkŏngคนไทยkon taiเกี่ยวกับgìiao gàpจิตวิญญาณjìt-dtà-win-yaanและláeความสัมพันธ์kwaam săm-panกับgàpสิ่งsìngเหนือธรรมชาติnĕuua tam-má-châat
The belief in spirit-calling rituals reflects the Thai concept of the soul and its relationship with the supernatural.
2VerbC1
[to] compensate [sb]; pay compensation
To give money or goods to compensate someone for injury, loss, or distress.
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillขับรถkàp-rótขับรถkàp-rót[to] drive (a motor vehicle)ชนchonชนchon1[to] crash; collide2[to] clink (glasses); toast3people; tribe; classรั้วrúuaรั้วrúua1fence; enclosure2railings; barrierบ้านเราbâan-raoบ้านเราbâan-rao1our house; our home2our country; Thailand3our hometown; our areaพังpangพังpang1broken; not working2[to] break down; collapse; fall apart3ruined; a mess (plans/situations)4[to] demolish; wreck [sth]เลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toจ่ายเงินjàai-ngənจ่ายเงินjàai-ngən1[to] pay2[to] disburse; pay outมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerทำขวัญtam-kwǎnทำขวัญtam-kwǎn1[to] perform a blessing rite; call back [sb]'s spirit2[to] compensate [sb]; pay compensationให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)
He crashed his car into our fence, so he had to pay money to make amends.
3 more examplesShow less
ตามธรรมเนียมdtaam-tam-niiamแต่งงานdtɛ̀ng-ngaanฝ่ายเจ้าบ่าวfàai-jâao-bàaoต้องdtɔ̂ngเตรียมdtriiamเงินngənสินสอดทองหมั้นsǐn-sɔ̀ɔt-tɔɔng-mânเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaไปbpaiทำขวัญtam-kwǎnพ่อแม่pɔ̂ɔ-mɛ̂ɛเจ้าสาวjâao-sǎao
According to wedding traditions, the groom's side must prepare the dowry payment to give to the bride's parents as a gesture of goodwill.
หลังจากlǎng-jàakการเจรจาgaan-jee-rá-jaaบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtคู่กรณีkûu-gɔɔ-rá-niiตกลงdtòk-longจ่ายเงินjàai-ngənก้อนโตgɔ̂ɔn-dtooเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaทำขวัญtam-kwǎnและlɛ́เยียวยาyiiao-yaaผู้เสียหายpûu-sǐia-hǎaiจากjàakเหตุการณ์hèet-gaanครั้งkrángนั้นnán
After negotiations, the opposing company agreed to pay a large sum as compensation and remedy for the victims of that incident.
ถึงแม้tʉ̌ng-mɛ́ɛคู่กรณีkûu-gɔɔ-rá-niiจะjàยอมyɔɔmจ่ายเงินjàai-ngənทำขวัญtam-kwǎnให้hâiแต่dtɛ̀ɛความรู้สึกkwaam-rúu-sʉ̀kเสียใจsǐia-jaiของkɔ̌ɔngครอบครัวkrɔ̂ɔp-kruuaก็gɔ̂ไม่อาจmâi-àatทดแทนtót-tɛɛnได้dâai
Even though the other party agreed to pay to make amends, the family's grief could not be compensated for.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableThe vowel ำ hides a final -ม, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
tam
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
ทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] do; carry out (work)5[to] cause; make[to] do; makePart 1
+
ขวัญkwǎnขวัญkwǎn1spirit; vital essence2morale; courage3hair whorl; cowlickspirit; vital essencePart 2
ทำขวัญtam-kwǎnทำขวัญtam-kwǎn[to] perform a blessing rite; call back [sb]'s spirit[to] perform a blessing rite; call back [sb]'s spiritWord