ตรึม
dtrʉmMeanings
1AdverbB1
abundantly; in large numbers
in large numbers or amounts; plentifully
Examples
วันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at presentที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerตลาดdtà-làatตลาดdtà-làat1market; marketplace2market (economic demand/sector)3popular; mainstream (colloq.)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoผลไม้pǒn-lá-máaiผลไม้pǒn-lá-máaifruitขายkǎaiขายkǎai1[to] sell [sth]2for sale; for purchase3[to] sell oneself; prostitute oneselfตรึมdtrʉmตรึมdtrʉm1abundantly; in large numbers2many; numerous; plentifulเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceed
Today at the market, there are tons of fruits for sale.
3 more examplesShow less
ช่วงchûuangวันหยุดยาวwan-yùt-yaaoคนkonไปเที่ยวbpai-tîiaoทะเลtá-leeกันganตรึมdtrʉmจนjonรถติดrót-dtìtไปหมดbpai-mòt
During the long holiday, loads of people went to the beach, causing traffic jams everywhere.
เขาkǎoสั่งของsàng-kɔ̌ɔngออนไลน์ɔɔn-laaiมาส่งmaa-sòngที่บ้านtîi-bâanตรึมdtrʉmไม่รู้mâi-rúuจะjàเอาไปao-bpaiเก็บไว้gèp-wáiที่ไหนtîi-nǎi
He ordered a ton of stuff online to be delivered to his house; I don't know where he's going to store it all.
พอpɔɔเขาkǎoประกาศbprà-gàatรับสมัครงานráp-sà-màk-ngaanตำแหน่งdtam-nɛ̀ngใหม่màiก็gɔ̂มีmiiคนส่งkon-sòngใบสมัครbai-sà-màkเข้ามาkâo-maaตรึมdtrʉmแสดงให้เห็นว่าsà-dɛɛng-hâi-hěn-wâaคนkonว่างงานwâang-ngaanเยอะมากyə́-mâak
As soon as they announced the new job opening, applications came flooding in, which shows that there are a lot of unemployed people.
2AdjectiveB1
many; numerous; plentiful
present in large numbers or amounts; plentiful
Examples
เมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waanเมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waan1yesterday (the day before today)2yesterday; yesterday (as an adverb)ไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already past5too; excessivelyตลาดนัดdtà-làat-nátตลาดนัดdtà-làat-nátperiodic/open-air market; pop-up marketมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerคนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: people3[to] stir; mix by stirringตรึมdtrʉmตรึมdtrʉm1abundantly; in large numbers2many; numerous; plentifulเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceed
I went to the flea market yesterday, and there were tons of people.
3 more examplesShow less
ช่วงchûuangเทศกาลสงกรานต์têet-sà-gaan-sǒng-graanนักท่องเที่ยวnák-tɔ̂ɔng-tîiaoต่างชาติdtàang-châatมาmaaเที่ยวtîiaoเมืองไทยmʉʉang-taiตรึมdtrʉm
During the Songkran festival, foreign tourists come to visit Thailand in plentiful numbers.
บ้านbâanเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉanฉันchǎnปลูกbplùukมะม่วงmá-mûuangหน้าร้อนnâa-rɔ́ɔnทีไรtii-raiเลยləəiมีmiiมะม่วงmá-mûuangให้hâiกินginตรึมdtrʉm
My friend's house has mango trees, so whenever summer comes, there are mangoes aplenty to eat.
เขาkǎoเป็นbpenคนดังkon-dangแค่kɛ̂ɛโพสต์póotรูปrûupเดียวdiiaoก็gɔ̂มีmiiคนkonมาmaaกดไลค์gòt-láiให้hâiตรึมdtrʉmจนjonนับไม่ถ้วนnáp-mâi-tûuan
He's famous; just one photo post and a plentiful amount of people come to 'like' it, too many to count.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid classConsonant clusterIn the cluster ตร, the first consonant ต sets the class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
dtrʉm
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |