กลุ้ม
glûmMeanings
1AdjectiveB1
worried; troubled; distressed
feeling very worried, troubled, or mentally burdened about something
Examples
ช่วงนี้chûuang-níiช่วงนี้chûuang-níi1these days; lately; currently2this period (of time); the current periodฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)3like; as (in the manner of)กลุ้มglûmกลุ้มglûm1worried; troubled; distressed2[to] cloud over; [to] gather denselyเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangเรื่องrʉ̂ʉang1matter; issue; subject2story; tale3classifier for stories/films/cases4about; regarding (as a topic marker)เงินngənเงินngən1money2funds; finances3silver (metal)นิดหน่อยnít-nɔ̀iนิดหน่อยnít-nɔ̀i1a little; a bit2a small amount
Lately, I am a little worried about money.
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เขาkăoหน้าตาnâa dtaaดูdooกลุ้มๆglûm glûmฉันchănเลยloieถามtăamว่าwâaมีเรื่องmee rêuuangอะไรà-raiไม่สบายใจmâi sà-baai jaiหรือเปล่าrĕu bplàao
He looked a bit troubled, so I asked if there was anything bothering him.
อย่าyàaมัวแต่muua-dtɛ̀ɛกลุ้มglûmไปเลยbpai-ləəiทุกtúkปัญหาbpan-hǎaมีmiiทางแก้ไขtaang-gɛ̂ɛ-kǎiเสมอsà-mə̌ə
Don't worry so much; every problem always has a solution.
ภาวะเศรษฐกิจตกต่ำpaa-wá-sèet-tà-gìt-dtòk-dtàmทำให้tam-hâiเจ้าของธุรกิจjâao-kɔ̌ɔng-tú-rá-gìtหลายคนlǎai-konกลุ้มglûmว่าwâaบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtจะjàอยู่รอดyùu-rɔ̂ɔtได้อย่างไรdâai-yàang-raiในnaiปีนี้bpii-níi
The economic downturn has made many business owners worry deeply about how their companies will survive this year.
2VerbC1
[to] cloud over; [to] gather densely
to cover or darken like smoke or clouds; to gather together in a dense mass
Examples
ควันไฟkwan-faiควันไฟkwan-faismoke (from a fire)ตลบdtà-lòpตลบdtà-lòp1[to] flip; turn over; overturn2[to] wheel about; turn back; double back3swirling; billowing; pervasive (of smoke, dust, or smells)กลุ้มglûmกลุ้มglûm1worried; troubled; distressed2[to] cloud over; [to] gather denselyออกมาɔ̀ɔk-maaออกมาɔ̀ɔk-maa1[to] come out; emerge2[to] be released; be made public3[to] turn out; end up4[to] come forward; speak outจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmตึกdtʉ̀kตึกdtʉ̀kbuilding (of masonry or concrete)ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerกำลังgam-langกำลังgam-lang1currently; in the middle of2power; strength3power (physics)4troops; forcesถูกtùukถูกtùuk1cheap; inexpensive2correct; right3[to] touch; come into contact with [sb/sth]4to be correct/right5proper; morally right6[to] be affected; suffer (often adverse)7passive marker (often adverse)ไฟไหม้fai-mâiไฟไหม้fai-mâi1a fire (destructive)2[to] catch fire; be on fire
Dense smoke billowed out from the burning building.
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รถบรรทุกrót-ban-túkวิ่งผ่านwîng-pàanถนนtà-nǒnดินแดงdin-dɛɛngจนjonฝุ่นfùnตลบdtà-lòpกลุ้มglûmทำtamให้hâiเราraoมองไม่เห็นmɔɔng-mâi-hěnทางtaangข้างหน้าkâang-nâaเลยləəi
The truck drove past the dirt road, making the dust swirl so densely that we couldn't see the road ahead at all.
หมอกควันmɔ̀ɔk-kwanจากjàakไฟป่าfai-bpàaตลบdtà-lòpกลุ้มglûmปกคลุมbpòk-klumไปทั่วbpai-tûuaเมืองmʉʉangสร้างsâangปัญหาbpan-hǎaทางเดินหายใจtaang-dəən-hǎai-jaiให้กับhâi-gàpประชาชนbprà-chaa-chon
Smog from the forest fires gathered densely over the city, causing respiratory problems for the citizens.
ภายในpaai-naiวัดwátมีmiiควันธูปkwan-tûupตลบdtà-lòpกลุ้มglûmอยู่yùuตลอดเวลาdtà-lɔ̀ɔt-wee-laaเนื่องจากnʉ̂ʉang-jàakมีmiiผู้คนpûu-konมาmaaกราบไหว้gràap-wâiขอพรkɔ̌ɔ-pɔɔnอย่างyàangไม่ขาดสายmâi-kàat-sǎai
Inside the temple, incense smoke gathers densely at all times due to the endless stream of people coming to pray and ask for blessings.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid classConsonant clusterIn the cluster กล, the first consonant ก sets the class.
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Falling tone
glûm
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Mid class + Mai tho → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |