ปานใด
bpaan-daiMeanings
1AdverbC1
how; to what extent (literary)
a literary interrogative adverb meaning “how,” “to what degree,” or “how much/how great,” often used with adjectives or verbs of degree
Examples
คุณkunคุณkun1you (polite)2Mr.; Ms.; Mrs. (title)3quality; virtue; meritคิดว่าkít-wâaคิดว่าkít-wâa1to think (that); be of the opinion (that)2to suppose/assume/guess (that)3[to] consider/regard (as)การสอบgaan-sɔ̀ɔpการสอบgaan-sɔ̀ɔpexamination; testครั้งนี้kráng-níiครั้งนี้kráng-níi1this time; this occasion2this time (around); on this occasionจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ยากyâakยากyâak1difficult; hard2unlikely; hard to imagine happening3poor; impoverished (dated/formal)สักsàkสักsàk1about; approximately2teak3[to] tattoo4any; even (a little); at allปานใดbpaan-daiปานใดbpaan-dai1how; to what extent (literary)2how ...! (exclamatory, literary)
How difficult do you think this exam will be?
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นักวิจัยnák-wí-jaiกำลังgam-langศึกษาsʉ̀k-sǎaว่าwâaความเครียดkwaam-krîiatส่งผลต่อsòng-pǒn-dtɔ̀ɔร่างกายrâang-gaaiมนุษย์má-nútได้dâaiลึกซึ้งlʉ́k-sʉ́ngปานใดbpaan-dai
Researchers are studying how profoundly stress can affect the human body.
ในฐานะnai-tǎa-náผู้นำpûu-namคุณkunต้องdtɔ̂ngไตร่ตรองdtrài-dtrɔɔngว่าwâaการตัดสินใจgaan-dtàt-sǐn-jaiของkɔ̌ɔngคุณkunจะjàส่งผลกระทบต่อsòng-pǒn-grà-tóp-dtɔ̀ɔส่วนรวมsùuan-ruuamมากน้อยmâak-nɔ́ɔiปานใดbpaan-dai
As a leader, you must contemplate to what degree your decisions will impact the collective.
กว่าgwàaมนุษย์má-nútจะjàตระหนักdtrà-nàkได้dâaiว่าwâaตนdtonได้dâaiทำลายtam-laaiธรรมชาติtam-má-châatไปbpaiมากmâakปานใดbpaan-daiก็gɔ̂อาจจะàat-jàสายsǎaiเกินgəənแก้gɛ̂ɛเสียแล้วsǐia-lɛ́ɛo
By the time humanity realizes how greatly they have destroyed nature, it may already be too late to fix it.
2AdverbC2
how ...! (exclamatory, literary)
used as a poetic intensifier in exclamations to emphasize a high degree of something
Examples
ดูสิduu-sìดูสิduu-sìlook!; see!แสงจันทร์sɛ̌ɛng-janแสงจันทร์sɛ̌ɛng-janmoonlightคืนนี้kʉʉn-níiคืนนี้kʉʉn-níi1tonight (the night of today)2tonightช่างchângช่างchâng1artisan; mechanic; technician2crafts-; technical (prefix)3never mind; let it be4how (exclamatory)5[to] be inclined to; be given toนวลnuuanนวลnuuan1soft; smooth; gentle (texture/appearance)2fair; creamy (complexion)3softly glowing; muted (light/color)ใยyaiใยyai1spider silk; cobweb2fiber; filament; thread3fiber (dietary)4why (archaic/literary)ปานใดbpaan-daiปานใดbpaan-dai1how; to what extent (literary)2how ...! (exclamatory, literary)
Look! How wonderfully gentle the moonlight is tonight!
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โอ้ôoความรักkwaam-rákเหตุใดhèet-daiจึงjʉngนำพาnam-paaความสุขkwaam-sùkและlɛ́ความทุกข์kwaam-túkมาmaaให้ได้hâi-dâaiมากมายmâak-maaiปานใดbpaan-dai
Oh, love... why must you bring such immense happiness and sorrow!
ความงามkwaam-ngaamของkɔ̌ɔngเธอtəəนั้นnánช่างchângบริสุทธิ์bɔɔ-rí-sùtและlɛ́น่าทะนุถนอมnâa-tá-nú-tà-nɔ̌ɔmปานใดbpaan-daiหนอnɔ̌ɔ
How pure and precious her beauty is!
แม้mɛ́ɛกายgaaiจะjàดับสูญdàp-sǔunแต่dtɛ̀ɛเกียรติภูมิgìiat-dtì-puumที่tîiท่านtânสร้างsâangไว้wáiช่างchângยิ่งใหญ่yîng-yàiและlɛ́คงอยู่kong-yùuชั่วนิรันดร์chûua-ní-ranปานใดbpaan-dai
Though his body has perished, how immense and eternally lasting is the honor he built!
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -น, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
bpaan
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
ปานbpaanปานbpaan1birthmark2as if; as though; like3approximately; to the extent of; as much asbirthmarkPart 1
+
ปานใดbpaan-daiปานใดbpaan-daihow; to what extent (literary)how; to what extent (literary)Word