แกร็น
grɛnMeanings
1AdjectiveB2
stunted; undersized
not growing to normal size due to poor conditions or lack of nutrition (e.g., plants, crops, animals, or people)
Examples
ต้นไม้dtôn máaiต้นไม้dtôn máai1tree2plants/greenery (general, esp. woody plants)ต้นdtônต้นdtôn1tree; plant2beginning; early3origin; source; root cause4stem; trunk; stalk; base5classifier: trees; plants; poles6initial; primary (as prefix)นี้néeนี้née1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ไม่ค่อยmâi kôiไม่ค่อยmâi kôi1rarely; seldom; not often2not very; hardly (degree)โดนdohnโดนdohn1[to] hit; make contact with [sb/sth]2[to] get; be subjected to (passive, often negative)3[to] be hit; be struck; be affected4[to] hit the mark; be spot on (slang/colloq.)5for a long time (Isan)แดดdàetแดดdàetsunlight; sunshineเลยloieเลยloie1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedโตdtohโตdtoh1[to] grow; mature2big; large; grown-upไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)เต็มที่dtem têeเต็มที่dtem têe1to the fullest; fully2maximum; full (capacity/extent)3at most; at the maximumและláeและláeand (coordinating)ดูdooดูdoo1[to] look; watch; see2[to] examine; check; inspect3[to] seem; appear4try; have a go5[to] divine; tell fortune6[to] look after; watch; mindแกร็นgrenแกร็นgren1stunted; undersized2scrawny; poorly developedๆ-
This tree doesn't get much sun, so it hasn't fully grown and looks stunted.
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ลูกlûukสุนัขจรจัดsù-nák-jɔɔn-jàtตัวนั้นdtuua-nánดูduuแกร็นgrɛnเพราะprɔ́น่าจะnâa-jàขาดkàatสารอาหารsǎan-aa-hǎanมานานmaa-naan
That stray puppy looks stunted, probably from a long-term lack of nutrition.
ภาวะpaa-wáดินdinเค็มkemส่งผลให้sòng-pǒn-hâiต้นข้าวdtôn-kâaoในnaiนาnaaแปลงbplɛɛngนี้níiแคระแกร็นkrɛ́-grɛnและlɛ́ให้ผลผลิตhâi-pǒn-pà-lìtต่ำdtàm
The saline soil condition caused the rice plants in this field to be stunted and yield poorly.
เด็กdèkในnaiพื้นที่ห่างไกลpʉ́ʉn-tîi-hàang-glaiบางคนbaang-konมีmiiภาวะpaa-wáแคระแกร็นkrɛ́-grɛnเนื่องจากnʉ̂ʉang-jàakการขาดgaan-kàatโภชนาการpoo-chá-naa-gaanที่เหมาะสมtîi-mɔ̀-sǒmในnaiวัยเด็กwai-dèk
Some children in remote areas suffer from stunting due to a lack of proper nutrition in childhood.
2AdjectiveB2
scrawny; poorly developed
Undersized and thin because of poor growth or development, of a person or animal.
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillป่วยหนักbpùuai-nàkป่วยหนักbpùuai-nàk[to] be seriously illจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofร่างกายrâang-gaaiร่างกายrâang-gaaibodyผอมpɔ̌ɔmผอมpɔ̌ɔmthin; slim; skinnyแกร็นgrɛnแกร็นgrɛn1stunted; undersized2scrawny; poorly developedและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)ไม่มีmâi-miiไม่มีmâi-mii1to not have; lack2there is/are not; does/do not exist3[reply] we don't have it; out of stockแรงrɛɛngแรงrɛɛng1strong; intense; severe2force; strength; power3hard; strongly (adverbial use)4very; extremely (Southern Thai)
He was so sick that his body became emaciated and weak.
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เราraoเจอjəəแมวmɛɛoจรจัดjɔɔn-jàtตัวหนึ่งdtuua-nʉ̀ngผอมpɔ̌ɔmแกร็นgrɛnเลยləəiเอาaoกลับมาglàp-maaเลี้ยงlíiangที่บ้านtîi-bâan
We found an emaciated stray cat, so we brought it home to care for it.
หลังจากlǎng-jàakหลงป่าlǒng-bpàaอยู่yùuหลายlǎaiวันwanร่างกายrâang-gaaiของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoก็gɔ̂ซูบผอมsûup-pɔ̌ɔmและlɛ́แกร็นgrɛnลงlongอย่างเห็นได้ชัดyàang-hěn-dâai-chát
After being lost in the forest for several days, his body became noticeably gaunt and emaciated.
ภาพถ่ายpâap-tàaiของkɔ̌ɔngผู้ประสบภัยpûu-bprà-sòp-paiแล้งlɛ́ɛngแสดงให้เห็นถึงsà-dɛɛng-hâi-hěn-tʉ̌ngสภาพร่างกายsà-pâap-râang-gaaiที่tîiผอมpɔ̌ɔmแกร็นgrɛnจากjàakการขาดgaan-kàatอาหารaa-hǎanอย่างรุนแรงyàang-run-rɛɛng
Photographs of the famine victims show their emaciated physical state from a severe lack of food.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid classConsonant clusterIn the cluster กร, the first consonant ก sets the class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -น, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
grɛn
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |