เปื้อน
bpʉ̂ʉanMeanings
1AdjectiveA2
stained; soiled; dirty (on a surface or clothing)
having a mark, stain, or dirt on a surface, fabric, or skin
Examples
เสื้อsʉ̂ʉaเสื้อsʉ̂ʉa1shirt; top2jacket; coat3classifier: ตัวฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)เปื้อนbpʉ̂ʉanเปื้อนbpʉ̂ʉan1stained; soiled; dirty (on a surface or clothing)2[to] get stained; get dirty3[to] stain [sth]; soil [sth]; smudge [sth]น้ำปลาnáam-bplaaน้ำปลาnáam-bplaafish sauce
My shirt has fish sauce on it.
3 more examplesShow less
Yesterday I fell in the garden, so my knees got dirt on them.
พรุ่งนี้prûng-níiอย่าลืมyàa-lʉʉmล้างláangรองเท้าrɔɔng-táaoเพราะprɔ́รองเท้าrɔɔng-táaoยังyangเปื้อนbpʉ̂ʉanโคลนkloonจากjàakทริปtríp
Don’t forget to wash your shoes tomorrow because they’re still dirty with mud from the trip.
ผ้าpâaปูbpuuโต๊ะdtóยังyangมีรอยmii-rɔɔiกาแฟgaa-fɛɛเปื้อนbpʉ̂ʉanอยู่yùuแม้mɛ́ɛเราraoจะjàเช็ดchétหลายรอบlǎai-rɔ̂ɔpแล้วlɛ́ɛo
The tablecloth still has coffee stains on it, even though we’ve wiped it many times.
2VerbA2
[to] get stained; get dirty
to become marked or soiled by contact with a substance
Examples
เสื้อsʉ̂ʉaเสื้อsʉ̂ʉa1shirt; top2jacket; coat3classifier: ตัวฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)เปื้อนbpʉ̂ʉanเปื้อนbpʉ̂ʉan1stained; soiled; dirty (on a surface or clothing)2[to] get stained; get dirty3[to] stain [sth]; soil [sth]; smudge [sth]น้ำซอสnáam-sɔ́ɔtน้ำซอสnáam-sɔ́ɔtsauce; gravy; pan sauce
My shirt got stained with sauce.
3 more examplesShow less
I just fell in the mud, so my pants got all dirty.
He misplaced the coffee cup, so the table became stained.
Don’t touch the freshly painted surface, or your hands will get dirty and be hard to clean.
3VerbA2
[to] stain [sth]; soil [sth]; smudge [sth]
to cause a mark, dirt, or discoloration on something
Examples
อย่าyàaอย่าyàadon’t; do not (negative imperative)ทำให้tam-hâiทำให้tam-hâi1[to] make; cause [sb/sth] to [do/be sth]; render2[to] do/make [sth] for [sb]หมึกmʉ̀kหมึกmʉ̀k1ink2squid; cuttlefish3ink (from cephalopods)ปากกาเปื้อนbpàak-gaa-bpʉ̂ʉanปากกาเปื้อนbpàak-gaa-bpʉ̂ʉanstained pen; pen with ink on itเสื้อsʉ̂ʉaเสื้อsʉ̂ʉa1shirt; top2jacket; coat3classifier: ตัวของฉันkɔ̌ɔng-chǎnของฉันkɔ̌ɔng-chǎnmy; mine
Don’t let the pen ink stain my shirt.
3 more examplesShow less
He spilled juice and made the wooden table dirty.
Don’t touch the cake or the sugar will stain the curtains.
เธอtəəใช้cháiสีsǐiกระเด็นgrà-denไปbpaiเปื้อนbpʉ̂ʉanกำแพงบ้านgam-pɛɛng-bâanเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉanโดยdooiไม่ได้mâi-dâaiตั้งใจdtâng-jai
She splattered paint and unintentionally stained her friend’s wall.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Falling tone
bpʉ̂ʉan
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Mid class + Mai tho → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |