ความขม
kwaam-kǒmMeanings
1NounA2
bitterness (taste)
the bitter taste quality in food or drink
Examples
เด็กๆdèk dèkเด็กๆdèk dèk1children; kids2childish; immature3easy; trivial (colloquial)ไม่ชอบmâi chôpไม่ชอบmâi chôp[to] dislike [sth/sb]; [to] not like [sth/sb]ความขมkwaam kŏmความขมkwaam kŏm1bitterness (taste)2bitterness (figurative)ของkŏngของkŏng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsยาyaaยาyaa1medicine; medication2drug (narcotic/illicit)3chemical/agent4[to] caulk; seal
Children don't like the bitterness of medicine.
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This cup of coffee has just the right amount of bitterness.
The bitterness of bitter gourd is one of its charms.
Some people add sugar to their tea to reduce the bitterness.
2NounB2
bitterness (figurative)
a bitter or harsh quality of experience or feelings; emotional bitterness
Examples
ตลอดชีวิตdtà-lɔ̀ɔt-chii-wítตลอดชีวิตdtà-lɔ̀ɔt-chii-wít1lifelong2throughout one's life; for lifeที่ผ่านมาtîi-pàan-maaที่ผ่านมาtîi-pàan-maa1past; previous; last (time already passed)2previously; earlier; so far (context-dependent)เธอtəəเธอtəə1you (informal; familiar)2she; herต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toกล้ำกลืนglâm-glʉʉnกล้ำกลืนglâm-glʉʉn1[to] swallow with difficulty; force down2[to] endure with restraintความขมkwaam-kǒmความขมkwaam-kǒm1bitterness (taste)2bitterness (figurative)มาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerมากมายmâak-maaiมากมายmâak-maai1many; numerous; abundant2a great deal; very much
Throughout her past life, she had to endure much bitterness.
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ความขมkwaam-kǒmจากjàakการgaanถูกtùukเพื่อนสนิทpʉ̂ʉan-sà-nìtหักหลังhàk-lǎngยังคงอยู่yang-kong-yùuในใจnai-jaiของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎo
The bitterness from being betrayed by a close friend still remains in his heart.
นวนิยายná-wá-ní-yaaiเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangนี้níiสะท้อนsà-tɔ́ɔnความขมkwaam-kǒmในnaiชีวิตchii-wítของkɔ̌ɔngผู้คนpûu-konที่tîiได้รับdâi-rápผลกระทบpǒn-grà-tópจากjàakสงครามsǒng-kraam
This novel reflects the bitterness in the lives of people affected by war.
แม้máeจะjàประสบความสำเร็จbprà-sòp kwaam săm-rètในnaiหน้าที่การงานnâa-têe gaan ngaanแต่dtàeลึกๆléuk léukแล้วláeoเขาkăoยังคงyang kongมีmeeความขมkwaam kŏmจากjàakวัยเด็กwai dèkที่têeยากลำบากyâak lam-bàakหลงเหลืออยู่lŏng lĕuua yòo
Despite his career success, deep down he still has a lingering bitterness from his difficult childhood.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow classConsonant clusterIn the cluster คว, the first consonant ค sets the class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
kwaam
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
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ความขมkwaam-kǒmความขมkwaam-kǒmbitterness (taste)bitterness (taste)Word