โทฟัส
too-fátMeaning
1NounC2
tophus
a deposit of uric acid crystals in the joints or skin, typically associated with gout
Examples
ผู้ป่วยpûu bpùuaiผู้ป่วยpûu bpùuaipatient; sick personโรคเกาต์rôhk gáoโรคเกาต์rôhk gáogout; arthritis from uric acid crystalsมักจะmák jàมักจะmák jà1often; usually (habit/frequency)2tend to; be apt/prone to (general tendency)มีmeeมีmee1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoก้อนgônก้อนgôn1lump; chunk; clump2classifier: lumps/chunks3nodule; lump (medical)4lump sum (of money), as in เงินก้อนโทฟัสtoh-fátโทฟัสtoh-fáttophusขึ้นkêunขึ้นkêun1[to] go up; rise; ascend2[to] increase3[to] board; get on4result complement: upward/better5postverbal particle: onset or occurrence6[to] sprout; grow; appear7northward/up-country8waxing phase (of the moon)ตามdtaamตามdtaam1[to] follow; go after2according to; in accordance with3after; behind; in pursuit of4[to] comply with; abide by; obey5along; along (a path); following (direction)6[to] send for; fetch [sb]7[to] light; kindle (literary)ข้อต่อkôr dtòrข้อต่อkôr dtòr1joint (anatomy)2joint (mechanical); connector; coupling; fittingต่างๆdtàang-dtàangต่างๆdtàang-dtàangvarious; different; diverseซึ่งsêungซึ่งsêung1which; that (relative pronoun)2which/and this; introducing explanationทำให้tam hâiทำให้tam hâi1[to] make; cause [sb/sth] to [do/be sth]; render2[to] do/make [sth] for [sb]ปวดbpùuatปวดbpùuat[to] ache; [to] be in painมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerous
Gout patients often develop tophus nodules on their joints, which causes severe pain.
3 more examplesShow less
หากhàakปล่อยให้bplɔ̀i-hâiกรดยูริกgròt-yuu-ríkในnaiเลือดlʉ̂ʉatสูงsǔungเป็นเวลานานbpen-wee-laa-naanอาจàatทำให้เกิดtam-hâi-gə̀ətการสะสมgaan-sà-sǒmของkɔ̌ɔngโทฟัสtoo-fátจนjonข้อkɔ̂ɔผิดรูปpìt-rûupได้dâai
If blood uric acid levels are left high for a long time, it can lead to the accumulation of tophi until the joint becomes deformed.
การผ่าตัดgaan-pàa-dtàtเอาaoปุ่มbpùmโทฟัสtoo-fátออกɔ̀ɔkอาจàatมีmiiความจำเป็นkwaam-jam-bpenในกรณีที่nai-gɔɔ-rá-nii-tîiก้อนgɔ̂ɔnนั้นnánแตกdtɛ̀ɛkหรือrʉ̌ʉกดทับgòt-tápเส้นประสาทsên-bprà-sàat
Surgical removal of a tophus nodule may be necessary in cases where the lump ruptures or compresses a nerve.
พยาธิสภาพpá-yâat-sà-pâapของkɔ̌ɔngโรคเกาต์rôok-gaoระยะrá-yáเรื้อรังrʉ́ʉa-rangคือkʉʉการตกผลึกgaan-dtòk-pà-lʉ̀kของkɔ̌ɔngโมโนmoo-nooโซเดียมsoo-dîiamยูเรตyuu-rèetซึ่งsʉ̂ngก่อตัวgɔ̀ɔ-dtuuaเป็นbpenก้อนgɔ̂ɔnโทฟัสtoo-fátในnaiเนื้อเยื่อเกี่ยวพันnʉ́ʉa-yʉ̂ʉa-gìiao-pan
The pathology of chronic gout involves the crystallization of monosodium urate, forming tophi in the connective tissues.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableA long vowel with no final consonant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
too
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |