หนาม
nǎamMeanings
1NounA2
thorn; spine; prickle
a sharp, pointed outgrowth on a plant or animal, such as a thorn, spine, or prickle
Examples
กุหลาบgù-làapกุหลาบgù-làaprose (flower)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoหนามnǎamหนามnǎam1thorn; spine; prickle2thorny problem; obstacle (figurative)ระวังมือrá-wang-mʉʉระวังมือrá-wang-mʉʉwatch your handsเจ็บjèpเจ็บjèp1sore; painful2[to] hurt; be in pain3hurt (emotionally)4injured
Roses have thorns; be careful not to hurt your hand.
3 more examplesShow less
When hiking, don’t grab thorny bushes.
ปลากระเบนbplaa-grà-beenบางชนิดbaang-chá-nítมีmiiหนามnǎamแหลมlɛ̌ɛmที่tîiหางhǎangไว้wáiป้องกันตัวbpɔ̂ng-gan-dtuua
Some stingrays have sharp spines on their tails for protection.
2NounB2
thorny problem; obstacle (figurative)
a difficult issue, obstacle, or source of trouble (figurative use)
Examples
งบประมาณngóp-bprà-maanงบประมาณngóp-bprà-maan1budget (financial plan)2budget (allocated funds)ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerจำกัดjam-gàtจำกัดjam-gàt1[to] limit; restrict2limited; restricted3Ltd.; limited (company)เป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)หนามnǎamหนามnǎam1thorn; spine; prickle2thorny problem; obstacle (figurative)สำคัญsǎm-kanสำคัญsǎm-kan1important; significant; essential2[to] think; assume; suppose (often mistakenly)ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerทำให้tam-hâiทำให้tam-hâi1[to] make; cause [sb/sth] to [do/be sth]; render2[to] do/make [sth] for [sb]โครงการkroong-gaanโครงการkroong-gaan1project; scheme2plan; proposalล่าช้าlâa-cháaล่าช้าlâa-cháa1delayed; late2[to] be delayed; be slow
The limited budget is a major obstacle that causes the project to be delayed.
3 more examplesShow less
ขั้นตอนkân-dtɔɔnราชrâatการกลายเป็นgaan-glaai-bpenหนามnǎamขวางทางkwǎang-taangผู้ประกอบการpûu-bprà-gɔ̀ɔp-gaanรายย่อยraai-yɔ̂i
Bureaucratic procedures have become a thorn blocking the path of small entrepreneurs.
ข่าวลือkàao-lʉʉที่tîiไม่จริงmâi-jingเป็นbpenหนามnǎamในnaiความสัมพันธ์kwaam-sǎm-panของkɔ̌ɔngทีมtiimทำให้tam-hâiความไว้ใจkwaam-wái-jaiสั่นคลอนsàn-klɔɔn
False rumors are a thorn in the team’s relationships, undermining trust.
หนี้nîiเก่าgàoที่tîiสะสมsà-sǒmมานานmaa-naanยังyangเป็นbpenหนามnǎamที่tîiแทงใจtɛɛng-jaiบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtทำให้tam-hâiตัดสินใจdtàt-sǐn-jaiลงทุนlong-tunอย่างระมัดระวังyàang-rá-mát-rá-wangเกินไปgəən-bpai
Long-accumulated old debts remain a thorn in the company’s side, making it overly cautious in investment decisions.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh classLeading หA silent ห before น puts this syllable in high class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
nǎam
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |