สา
sǎaMeanings
1NounB2
paper mulberry
Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera), whose bark is used to make traditional paper and fiber; also the paper itself made from this plant.
Examples
ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanชาวบ้านchaao-bâan1villagers; locals; rural residents2ordinary people; laypeople; the public3folksy; colloquial; plain (as a modifier)ฉีกchìikฉีกchìik1[to] tear; rip2[to] tear open3[to] break with; go against (figurative)เปลือกbplʉ̀ʉakเปลือกbplʉ̀ʉak1shell; rind; peel; husk; bark2surface; superficial appearance (figurative)ต้นสาdtôn-sǎaต้นสาdtôn-sǎapaper mulberry treeมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerทำเยื่อtam-yʉ̂ʉaทำเยื่อtam-yʉ̂ʉa[to] produce pulp (for paper)เพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofผลิตpà-lìtผลิตpà-lìt1to produce; manufacture2to generate; yieldกระดาษสาgrà-dàat-sǎaกระดาษสาgrà-dàat-sǎamulberry paper; traditional Thai handmade paper
Villagers tear the bark of the paper mulberry to make pulp for producing saa paper.
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ที่tîiเชียงใหม่chiiang-màiมีmiiเวิร์กช็อปwə́ək-chɔ̀pสอนsɔ̌ɔnทำtamกระดาษสาgrà-dàat-sǎaจากjàakเปลือกไม้bplʉ̀ʉak-máaiสาsǎa
In Chiang Mai there are workshops teaching how to make saa paper from the bark of the paper mulberry.
กระดาษสาgrà-dàat-sǎaมีmiiพื้นผิวpʉ́ʉn-pǐuหยาบyàapแต่dtɛ̀ɛทนทานton-taanจึงjʉngนิยมní-yomใช้cháiทำtamโคมkoomและlɛ́งานหัตถกรรมngaan-hàt-tà-gam
Saa paper has a rough but durable surface, so it is popular for making lanterns and handicrafts.
งานวิจัยngaan-wí-jaiชี้ว่าchíi-wâaการแช่gaan-chɛ̂ɛเปลือกbplʉ̀ʉakสาsǎaในnaiน้ำด่างnáam-dàangช่วยให้chûuai-hâiเส้นใยsên-yaiแยกตัวyɛ̂ɛk-dtuuaดีขึ้นdii-kʉ̂nและlɛ́สีsǐiสวยsǔuaiสม่ำเสมอsà-màm-sà-mə̌ə
Research indicates that soaking paper mulberry bark in an alkaline solution helps fibers separate better and results in a more uniform color.
2ConjunctionC1
because; since (literary)
A literary or poetic conjunction meaning because or since.
Examples
ข้าพเจ้าkâa-pá-jâaoข้าพเจ้าkâa-pá-jâaoI; me (formal/written)มิอาจmí-àatมิอาจmí-àat1[to] be unable (to); cannot (formal)2[to] not dare (to) (formal)ไปเยี่ยมbpai-yîiamไปเยี่ยมbpai-yîiam1[to] visit [sb] (showing care)2[to] visit [a place] (inspect/attend)ท่านtânท่านtân1you (formal/polite)2he; she (honorific)3sir; madam4honorific title5classifier (polite for persons)ได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerสาsǎaสาsǎa1paper mulberry2because; since (literary)เรือนrʉʉanเรือนrʉʉan1house; dwelling (traditional/wooden); hull/body (of sth)2classifier: houses; clocks; watches3body; figure (formal/lit.)อยู่yùuอยู่yùu1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remainไกลglaiไกลglai1far; distant2far; to a distant place3far (in time/relationship); distantและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)ฝนตกหนักfǒn-dtòk-nàkฝนตกหนักfǒn-dtòk-nàk[to] rain heavily; pour
I cannot visit you, because the house is far and it is raining heavily.
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He did not attend the event, since he was ill and needed to rest.
เราraoจึงjʉngสงบปากสงบคำsà-ngòp-bpàak-sà-ngòp-kamสาsǎaมิmíปรารถนาbpràat-tà-nǎaจุดjùtโทสะtoo-sàให้hâiลุกโชนlúk-choon
We therefore kept silent, since we did not wish to inflame anyone’s anger.
นางnaangคงมิkong-míขอรับkɔ̌ɔ-rápของกำนัลkɔ̌ɔng-gam-nanสาsǎaเห็นว่าhěn-wâaเกินควรgəən-kuuanแก่gɛ̀ɛฐานะtǎa-náและlɛ́มโนธรรมmá-noo-tam
She likely will not accept the gift, since she deems it excessive for her station and conscience.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableA long vowel with no final consonant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
sǎa
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |