โทสะ
too-sàMeaning
1NounB2
anger; ill will (Buddhism)
Anger, hatred, or aversion; one of the three unwholesome roots (akusala-mūla) in Buddhist psychology.
Examples
พระอาจารย์prá aa-jaanพระอาจารย์prá aa-jaanVenerable teacher (Buddhist monk)เตือนdteuuanเตือนdteuuan1[to] remind2[to] warn3[to] caution; admonishว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeเมื่อmêuuaเมื่อmêuua1when; at the time that2at; in; on (with time expressions)เกิดgèrtเกิดgèrt1to be born2to happen; occur; arise3born (indicating birthplace/time)4(colloq.) if it happens that; unexpectedlyโทสะtoh-sàโทสะtoh-sàanger; ill will (Buddhism)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)หายใจhăai jaiหายใจhăai jai[to] breathe; respireลึกléukลึกléuk1deep2profound; intense3low (pitch); deep (voice)ๆ-แล้วláeoแล้วláeo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)พิจารณาใจpí-jaa-rá-naa jaiพิจารณาใจpí-jaa-rá-naa jai[to] examine one’s mind; introspectตัวเองdtuua engตัวเองdtuua eng1oneself; myself; yourself; themselves2you (intimate)3self; one's own self
The monk advised that when anger arises, take deep breaths and examine your mind.
3 more examplesShow less
เวลาwee-laaถูกtùukวิจารณ์wí-jaanเราraoมักmákมีmiiโทสะtoo-sàแต่dtɛ̀ɛถ้าtâaรู้ทันrúu-tanก็gɔ̂จะjàไม่mâiเผลอplə̌əพูดpûutทำร้ายtam-ráaiคนอื่นkon-ʉ̀ʉn
When criticized, we often feel anger, but if we are aware of it, we won’t carelessly speak hurtfully to others.
ในnaiพุทธจิตวิทยาpút-jìt-dtà-wít-tá-yaaโทสะtoo-sàจัดเป็นjàt-bpenรากเหง้าrâak-ngâoแห่งhɛ̀ngอกุศลà-gù-sǒnที่tîiคอยkɔɔiผลักดันplàk-danให้เราhâi-raoทำtamกรรมgamที่tîiหยาบคายyàap-kaaiและlɛ́เบียดเบียนbìiat-biianผู้อื่นpûu-ʉ̀ʉn
In Buddhist psychology, anger is considered an unwholesome root that drives us to commit coarse and harmful actions.
เธอtəəเรียนรู้riian-rúuว่าwâaการเฝ้าดูgaan-fâo-duuโทสะtoo-sàอย่างyàangไม่mâiตัดสินdtàt-sǐnทำให้เห็นtam-hâi-hěnความเปลี่ยนแปลงkwaam-bplìian-bplɛɛngของมันkɔ̌ɔng-manและlɛ́คลายklaaiยึดถือyʉ́t-tʉ̌ʉได้dâai
She learned that observing anger without judgment allows her to see its changes and to loosen attachment to it.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableA long vowel with no final consonant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
too
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
โทtooโทtoo1master’s degree level; graduate (M.A./M.S.)2Thai tone name (falling tone)3second; secondary4second class; second rankmaster’s degree level; graduate (M.A./M.S.)Part 1
+
สะsàสะsà1colloquial particle (regional/vernacular)2[to] heap up; pile togethercolloquial particle (regional/vernacular)Part 2
โทสะtoo-sàโทสะtoo-sàanger; ill will (Buddhism)anger; ill will (Buddhism)Word