ผ่านมา
pàan-maaMeanings
1VerbA2
[to] pass by; come past
to move past a place or person, typically in the direction toward the speaker
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillเดินผ่านdəən-pàanเดินผ่านdəən-pàan1[to] walk past; pass by (on foot)2[to] walk through; traverse (on foot)มาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerที่นี่tîi-nîiที่นี่tîi-nîi1here; at this place2this place; the current locationเมื่อกี้mʉ̂ʉa-gîiเมื่อกี้mʉ̂ʉa-gîi1just now; a moment ago2a moment ago; just now (time)
He just walked past here a moment ago.
3 more examplesShow less
This morning, a parade went past the front of my house.
คุณkunเห็นhěnผู้หญิงpûu-yǐngใส่sàiเสื้อsʉ̂ʉaสีแดงsǐi-dɛɛngขี่จักรยานkìi-jàk-grà-yaanผ่านมาpàan-maaทางนี้taang-níiบ้างbâangไหมmǎi
Did you see a woman in a red shirt ride a bike past this way?
ขณะที่kà-nà-tîiฉันchǎnกำลังgam-langนั่งnângอยู่ในyùu-naiร้านกาแฟráan-gaa-fɛɛก็gɔ̂บังเอิญbang-əənเห็นhěnเพื่อนเก่าpʉ̂ʉan-gàoขับรถkàp-rótผ่านมาpàan-maaพอดีpɔɔ-dii
While I was sitting in the coffee shop, I happened to see an old friend drive past.
2VerbB1
[of time] to have passed; to elapse (up to now)
to have gone by when talking about time; indicates that a period has elapsed up to the present
Examples
สองsɔ̌ɔngสองsɔ̌ɔng1two; 22secondวันwanวันwan1day2daytime; daylight3classifier: daysที่ผ่านมาtîi-pàan-maaที่ผ่านมาtîi-pàan-maa1past; previous; last (time already passed)2previously; earlier; so far (context-dependent)ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)ยุ่งyûngยุ่งyûng1busy; occupied2messy; tangled3complicated; troublesome4[to] meddle; interfere5swarming with flies/mosquitoes (dial.)มากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerous
I have been very busy for the past two days.
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Throughout this past week, it has rained every single day.
Many years have gone by, and we haven't met at all.
ในช่วงnai-chûuangทศวรรษtót-sà-wátที่ผ่านมาtîi-pàan-maaเศรษฐกิจsèet-tà-gìtของkɔ̌ɔngประเทศbprà-têetเติบโตขึ้นdtə̀əp-dtoo-kʉ̂nอย่างมีนัยสำคัญyàang-mii-nai-sǎm-kan
Over the past decade, the country's economy has grown significantly.
3VerbB2
[to] go through; have been through (an experience)
to experience and come through something, often difficulties or events
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillผ่านมาpàan-maaผ่านมาpàan-maa1[to] pass by; come past2[of time] to have passed; to elapse (up to now)3[to] go through; have been through (an experience)หลายอย่างlǎai-yàangหลายอย่างlǎai-yàangmany things; various thingsแต่dtɛ̀ɛแต่dtɛ̀ɛ1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)ก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)5to; towardยิ้มyímยิ้มyím1[to] smile2smileได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerเสมอsà-mə̌əเสมอsà-mə̌ə1always; invariably2constantly; habitually3equal; level; even4[to] draw; [to] tie
He has been through many things, but he can still always smile.
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กว่าจะgwàa-jàมาถึงmaa-tʉ̌ngจุดนี้jùt-níiได้dâaiเราraoต้องdtɔ̂ngผ่านpàanอะไรà-raiมาmaaเยอะมากyə́-mâak
To get to this point, we had to go through a great deal.
ประสบการณ์bprà-sòp-gaanร้ายๆráai ráaiที่têeเธอterผ่านมาpàan maaได้dâiหล่อหลอมlòr lŏmให้hâiเธอterกลายเป็นglaai bpenคนkonที่têeเข้มแข็งkêm-kăeng
The bad experiences she has come through have molded her into a strong person.
บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtของเราkɔ̌ɔng-raoผ่านมาpàan-maaหลายlǎaiวิกฤตwí-grìtแต่dtɛ̀ɛก็gɔ̂สามารถsǎa-mâatยืนหยัดyʉʉn-yàtอยู่yùuได้dâaiเพราะprɔ́ความร่วมมือkwaam-rûuam-mʉʉของkɔ̌ɔngทุกคนtúk-kon
Our company has come through several crises, but has been able to stand firm because of everyone's cooperation.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markMai ek
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Low tone
pàan
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
High class + Mai ek → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
ผ่านpàanผ่านpàan1[to] pass (by/through)2[to] pass (succeed/clear)3[to] experience; go through4past; via; through[to] pass (by/through)Part 1
+
มาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect marker[to] come; arrivePart 2
ผ่านมาpàan-maaผ่านมาpàan-maa[to] pass by; come past[to] pass by; come pastWord