จุล
junMeanings
1AdjectiveB1
tiny; minute; microscopic
Very small in size; microscopic.
Examples
เม็ดmétเม็ดmét1grain; bead; pellet2seed; kernel3tablet; pill4drop; raindrop5classifier: small round itemsฝุ่นfùnฝุ่นfùn1dust; fine dry particles2particulate matter (air pollution)พวกนี้pûuak-níiพวกนี้pûuak-níi1these (after a noun)2these ones; these people/thingsมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoขนาดkà-nàatขนาดkà-nàat1size; dimension; magnitude2degree; extent3to such an extent; that much4even; to the extent that5as; to the extent of6very; extremely (Northern Thai)จุลjunจุลjun1tiny; minute; microscopic2micro- (prefix)มากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofมองmɔɔngมองmɔɔng1[to] look at2[to] watch; observe3[to] view; regard; considerด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooตาเปล่าdtaa-bplàaoตาเปล่าdtaa-bplàao1naked eye2unaided (optics)แทบtɛ̂ɛpแทบtɛ̂ɛp1almost; nearly2virtually; practicallyไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)เห็นhěnเห็นhěn1[to] see2[to] notice; [to] realize; [to] find (that)3[to] think; [to] be of the opinion4[to] consider; [to] regard as
These dust particles are of such micro size that they are barely visible to the naked eye.
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เขาkǎoใช้cháiกล้องglɔ̂ngขยายkà-yǎaiดูduuรอยrɔɔiขีดkìitขนาดkà-nàatจุลjunบนbonหน้าจอnâa-jɔɔมือถือmʉʉ-tʉ̌ʉ
He used a magnifying glass to look at the micro-sized scratches on the mobile phone screen.
หยดน้ำyòt-náamที่tîiเกาะgɔ̀อยู่yùuบนbonใยแมงมุมyai-mɛɛng-mumมีmiiฟองอากาศfɔɔng-aa-gàatขนาดkà-nàatจุลjunลอยlɔɔiอยู่yùuข้างในkâang-nai
The droplet on the spider web had microscopic air bubbles floating inside.
นักวิจัยnák-wí-jaiต้องdtɔ̂ngใช้cháiกล้องglɔ̂ngจุลทรรศน์อิเล็กตรอนjù-lá-tát-ì-lék-dtrɔɔnเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaสังเกตsǎng-gèetโครงสร้างkroong-sâangที่tîiจุลjunยิ่งกว่าyîng-gwàaที่tîiกล้องglɔ̂ngธรรมดาtam-má-daaจะjàจับภาพjàp-pâapได้dâai
Researchers must use an electron microscope to observe structures so minuscule that ordinary microscopes cannot capture them.
2NounB1
micro- (prefix)
A prefix meaning very small or microscopic; used to form scientific and technical terms (e.g., จุลชีพจุลชีพjun-lá-chîipmicroorganism; microbe ‘microorganism’).
Examples
ครูkruuครูkruu1teacher2master; mentor (respectful)3classifier: คน; ท่าน (respectful)อธิบายà-tí-baaiอธิบายà-tí-baai[to] explain; clarifyคำว่าkam-wâaคำว่าkam-wâathe word/term (introductory marker)จุลjunจุลjun1tiny; minute; microscopic2micro- (prefix)ว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)คำนำหน้าkam-nam-nâaคำนำหน้าkam-nam-nâa1personal title before a name2prefix (linguistics)ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerหมายถึงmǎai-tʉ̌ngหมายถึงmǎai-tʉ̌ng1[to] mean; denote; refer to2[to] mean (to say); intend (one’s words)เล็กlékเล็กlék1small; little2young; younger; youngest3minor; slightมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousเช่นchênเช่นchên1for example; such as2like; asจุลชีพjun-lá-chîipจุลชีพjun-lá-chîipmicroorganism; microbe
The teacher explained that 'จุล' is a prefix meaning very small, like in 'จุลชีพ' (microorganism).
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ในnaiห้องทดลองhông tót longเราraoเรียนriianคำศัพท์kam sàpที่têeมีmeeคำนำหน้าkam nam nâaจุลjunเช่นchênจุลกายวิภาคjun-lá-gaai-yá-wí-pâak
In the lab, we learned terms with the prefix 'จุล', such as 'จุลกายวิภาค' (microscopic anatomy).
คำว่าkam wâaจุลjunมักmákใช้cháiในnaiวิชาวิทยาศาสตร์wí-chaa wít-tá-yaa-sàatเพื่อpêuuaสร้างsâangคำใหม่kam màiที่têeเกี่ยวกับgìiao gàpสิ่งsìngเล็กlékมากmâakเช่นchênจุลภาคjun-lá-pâakและláeจุลชีววิทยาjun-la-chee-wa-wít-tá-yaa
The term 'จุล' is often used in science to form new words about very small things, such as 'จุลภาค' and 'จุลชีววิทยา'.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaต้องการdtɔ̂ng-gaanสื่อความหมายsʉ̀ʉ-kwaam-mǎaiระดับrá-dàpไมโครmai-krooนักวิจัยnák-wí-jaiนิยมní-yomใช้cháiคำนำหน้าkam-nam-nâaจุลjunเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiศัพท์sàpมีmiiความเฉพาะทางkwaam-chà-pɔ́-taangและlɛ́ชัดเจนchát-jeen
When conveying a micro-level meaning, researchers prefer the prefix 'จุล' to make terminology more specialized and precise.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ล, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
jun
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |